On Monday’s World Day against Child Labour, the International Labour Organization (ILO) shared these staggering numbers as a reminder of the urgent need to end this practice.
ILO’s Director-General Gilbert Houngbo said that for the first time in 20 years, child labour is on the rise.
“Child labour rarely happens because parents are bad, or do not care. Rather, it springs from a lack of social justice,” he said.
Mr. Houngbo stressed on Twitter that the “most effective solutions” to the child labour emergency are decent work for adults, so that they can provide for their families, and improved social protection.
He also underscored that tackling the root causes of child labour requires
ending forced labour, creating safe and healthy workplaces, letting workers organize and make their voices heard, as well as ending discrimination, since child labour often affects the most marginalized.
Staggering figure for sub-Saharan Africa
More than half of all those subjected to child labour – some 86.6 million – are in sub-Saharan Africa, according to joint research by the ILO and the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
Almost 24 per cent of all children in the region, or close to one in four, are in child labour.
Bulk of child labour in agriculture
Most of those in child labour on the African continent, and indeed worldwide, work in agriculture. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said on Monday that agriculture accounts for 70 per cent of child labour globally and that the numbers of youngsters working in the sector are on the rise.
FAO stressed that child labour was three times more prevalent among rural smallholders in farming, fisheries or forestry than in urban areas.
The agency emphasized that children often assist their parents in producing crops, rearing livestock or catching fish, “mainly for family consumption”, and that while not all this work is considered child labour, “for too many children, their work, particularly in agriculture, goes beyond the limits of safety and well-being and crosses into a form of labour that can harm their health or educational opportunities”.
Children carry bundles of sticks along the road in North Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
‘Ensure that children have a childhood’
FAO underscored the need to tackle the issue “from the field right up to the global level, to ensure that children have a childhood”.
The agency is working with partners on eliminating child labour in key sectors such as cocoa, cotton and coffee. Together with ILO and the European Union, FAO has reached more than 10,000 women, men, youth and children in Burkina Faso, Mali and Pakistan as part of a project aiming to address child labour in cotton value chains by improving households’ livelihoods, empowering women economically, and raising awareness of the problem.
FAO has also developed a framework on ending child labour in agriculture, aiming to provide guidance to policymakers, and has supported countries such as Uganda and Cabo Verde in developing prevention policies.
Just one week following her visit to Réunion, Maxette Pirbakas, a non-attached Member of the European Parliament representing Overseas France, extended a warm invitation to local decision-makers and influential figures from Réunion to join her at the European Parliament in Brussels on June 2, 2023. The primary objective of this gathering was to foster a deeper understanding of the prevailing issues and challenges within the European Union.
Commencing at 11 a.m., the day commenced with a comprehensive introduction to European institutions for the 40 Réunion visitors. They were greeted by Maxette Pirbakas, an MP and the current president of Rassemblement Pour la France (RPFOM), a neo-Gaullist party with a strong focus on overseas France.
The delegation comprised various professionals, including entrepreneurs, farmers, educators, and association leaders, who were initially briefed by a representative from the European Parliament to gain insights into the institution’s operations.
Maxette Pirbakas, drawing inspiration from her recent visit to Réunion, passionately addressed her visitors, shedding light on her ongoing efforts both on the ground and within the parliamentary chamber. Her endeavours primarily revolved around ensuring the recognition and respect of the distinctive attributes of the five overseas departments, commonly referred to as “outermost regions,” and governed by Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
During the engaging discussions, a range of topical issues emerged, including the imminent reform of dock dues, as highlighted by Minister Bruno Le Maire. Maxette Pirbakas also revisited key legislative matters, notably the Programme d’Options Spécifiques à l’Éloignement et à l’Insularité (POSEI – Programme of Options Specific to Remoteness and Insularity). Together with fellow elected representatives from French overseas departments and territories, they successfully secured its full continuation until 2020.
The conversation extended to encompass export taxes, with entrepreneur Bourbon Palto sharing his experiences regarding import and export levies, both on island departures and arrivals. He articulated his vision, stating, “Mauritians have managed the feat of signing a trade agreement with France and Europe to exempt all exports of products processed on their island from customs duties. I’d like you to see if all the French overseas departments and outermost regions can benefit from this EUR1 form so that we can be exempt from customs duties and feel a little more European, or even French.” Bourbon Palto, Reunionese entrepreneur in trade.
Having been a member of the Regional Development Committee (REGI) since 2019, Maxette Pirbakas elaborated on the committee’s goals and initiatives, which centre around cohesion policy. REGI dedicates ERDF funds to innovation, research, digital technology, and support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), all aimed at bridging the development gap between less-favored and more-favored regions.
Supporting Beekeepers
Maxette Pirbakas made a significant announcement during the discussions, revealing her forthcoming speech in the Parliament on behalf of Réunion’s beekeepers who are grappling with the threat posed by a small beetle devastating their hives and bee colonies. As a farmer herself, she empathized with the challenges faced by agriculture professionals and emphasized that the beekeepers’ predicament is just one instance reflecting the wider issues encountered by farmers across Europe.
Enhancing Understanding of Critical Issues
Following a communal lunch within the Parliament premises, Ms. Pirbakas guided the group to the Parliamentarium. During this visit, participants delved deeper into European history, pivotal milestones in European integration, and the daily activities of MEPs dedicated to serving the interests of the EU’s 450 million citizens, including 5 million residing in French, Portuguese, or Spanish ‘outermost regions’.
This meeting served as an invaluable opportunity for business leaders and association presidents to gain a deeper understanding of the critical issues and challenges confronting the European Union.
The European Commission has for the first time asked this month companies to offer a label to identify the texts and images generated by artificial intelligence to fight disinformation.
The Vice-President of the European Commission, Vera Jurova, proposed today that companies voluntarily adopt in their code of ethics a rule to warn when they use artificial intelligence to generate texts, photos or video. According to her, it is necessary for social networks to immediately start labeling information created by artificial intelligence. This intelligence can expose societies to new threats, especially with the creation and spread of disinformation, Yurova explained. Machines have no freedom of speech, she added.
Vera Jurova, who is responsible for values and transparency at the EC, and Thierry Breton, Commissioner for the Internal Market, met with representatives of around 40 organizations that have signed up to the EU Code of Practice against disinformation. They include Microsoft, Google, Meta, TikTok, Twitch and smaller companies — but not Twitter, which has left the codex.
“I will ask the signatories to create a special and separate topic within the code” to deal with disinformation generated by artificial intelligence, Yurova said. “They should identify the specific risks of disinformation posed by content-generating artificial intelligence and take appropriate measures to address them.”
Signatory countries that integrate generative AI into their services, such as Bingchat for Microsoft, Bard for Google, should build in the necessary safeguards so that these services cannot be used by malicious actors to generate disinformation, Yurova explained. “Signatory countries that have services with the potential to spread AI-generated disinformation should in turn introduce technology to recognize such content and put up clear labels to warn users.”
Labels should be applied to all AI-generated material that can be used to create disinformation, including text, images, audio and video.
For now, they will not be mandatory as they will be part of the voluntary code of practice. However, the Commission is considering including it in the Digital Services Act (DSA). Obligations to label AI content could also be included in the AI Act during negotiations between EU countries, the European Parliament and the European Commission.
Illustrative Photo by cottonbro studio: https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-woman-looking-afar-5473955/
In the Orthodox metropolis of Tamasos and Orini, a planetarium was opened last week, which is one of the largest in Europe and the most modern so far. The facility, which was built on the territory of the metropolitanate in its immediate vicinity, was opened by the President of Cyprus, Nikos Christodoulidis. It has state-of-the-art, eco-friendly facilities as well as innovative building infrastructure. The President noted that the planetarium will be a center for educational and research activity and training, but also be included in astrotourism itineraries, as Cyprus offers almost year-round clear weather. He congratulated the initiators Metropolitan Isaiah and businessman Vyacheslav Zarenkov, who implemented the idea.
The Metropolitan of Tamasos remarked: “The planetarium makes us discover God’s wisdom through the grandeur of the universe. The study of the cosmos and the stars broadens man’s horizon.’
President Christodoulidis and His Eminence Metropolitan Isaiah were met by the robot Nicky from the University of Nicosia, who greeted them and had a few minutes of conversation with the president.
Actions towards a circular economy are of utmost importance to safeguard nature, reduce pollution and achieve climate neutrality in Europe by 2050. A briefing, published today by the European Environment Agency (EEA), emphasises that, in addition to ongoing efforts to prevent waste, specific circular economy practices in sourcing of raw materials hold significant potential to also protect and enhance biodiversity.
Several recent assessments have raised alarm about biodiversity loss and decline of ecosystems in Europe and globally due to unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. The new EEA briefing points out that circular economy practices can help safeguard biodiversity by reducing primary resource-use, preventing pollution and, notably, by sourcing materials through biodiversity-friendly practices.
According to the EEA briefing, biodiversity-friendly sourcing of, for example, food, construction materials and textiles, merits more focus as it can amplify the potential of circular economy to reduce or even reverse biodiversity loss. Such practices include using seaweed for animal feed or crop fertiliser, recirculating water from green roofs and using agroforestry production methods for textiles. This type of biodiversity-friendly sourcing needs to be added to the traditional hierarchy of ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’ in circular economy actions, the EEA briefing states.
Policymakers, businesses and citizens can all play are role in making circular economy actions more beneficial for nature. Policymakers need to design policies that ensure a strong integration between circular economy actions and biodiversity aspects over the entire life cycle of goods and services. Businesses need to develop and upscale innovations, paying attention to product life-spans, pollution and sourcing of materials. Consumers can support these actions by reducing overall consumption and demanding more biodiversity-friendly choices. Dietary shifts alone can help free up land, reduce water use and cut greenhouse gas emissions, the EEA briefing notes.
Key insights of the briefing will be presented on 13 June, at 10:00-11:30 CET, at the EU Circular Talk “The circular economy in the context of a limited supply of biomass – ways forward to address biodiversity loss and climate change”.
European Parliament / Belarus // On 31 May, MEPs Bert-Jan Ruissen and Michaela Sojdrova organized an event at the European Parliament about religious freedom in Belarus titled “Help the Christians in Belarus.”
One of the speakers was Vyacheslav Barok, a Roman Catholic priest who had to leave the country in 2022 and is now living in Poland. Through his personal experience, he testified about the situation of human rights and religious freedom under Lukashenko’s rule.
Being a priest in Belarus: from the Soviet Union to the 2020s
Vyacheslav Barok has been a priest for 23 years. Most of the time he lived in Belarus. He built a church there, reconstructed and repaired several more religious buildings. He was actively engaged in evangelisation and for over 10 years, he organised trips to pilgrimage places such as Velegrad, Lourdes, Fatima or Santiago de Compostela.
Belarus Catholic priest Vyacheslav Barok testifying at the European Parliament. Photo credit: The European Times
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was a brief sunshine period when religious life could be revived but still, the Church remained an object of discrimination, the priest said.
Until today, Belarus is the only country in the post-Soviet space, where the Office of the Commissioner for Religious Affairs has survived. This state institution was created at the time of the USSR for controlling and limiting the rights of believers.
“Even today, the state still gives the Commissioner the authority over all religious organisations as in the Communist period. It is within his or her competence to decide who is allowed to build churches, to pray in them and how,” Barok added.
Back in 2018, the same state-authorised Commissioner pressed his bishop to censor him in his homelies and to forbid him from speaking and writing in social media about social injustice in the country. Such pressure took place despite the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus providing for the right to freedom of thought and expression in its Article 33.
“Still, everything that happened before the autumn of 2020 with the rigged presidential re-election of Lukashenko was only a prelude to the open and comprehensive persecution of any manifestation of freedom of thought and the suppression of opinions alternative to ‘ideologically ‘sound ones’,” Barok stressed. Consequently, there were dozens of imprisoned priests and thousands of political prisoners.
Lukashenko’s open persecution of priest Vyacheslav Barok
In January 2020, Barok started producing a YouTube channel on which he shared his views on Christian matters in the modern world and discussed the social teaching of the Church.
His activities on social media drew the attention of law enforcement agencies. From November 2020 to May 2021, they monitored the content of his YouTube videos looking for some of his statements that could be criminalized. They ordered a linguistic examination of ten of his videos but they failed to find any crime on the basis of which he could be prosecuted. However, as a preventive measure, he was sentenced to ten days of administrative arrest in December 2020.
His requests for the administrative process and the court proceedings to take place in Belarusian, one of the two official languages alongside Russian, were rejected. The Belarusian language is unacceptable in Belarusian courts today, Barok said.
During the year 2021, law enforcement agencies staff called him occasionally and asked him more than once if he was still in Belarus. They were hereby hinting that he should leave the country.
As he neither wanted to limit his freedom of thought and expression nor planned to leave Belarus, an administrative case was again opened against him on trumped-up charges in July 2022. The prosecutor’s office started to confiscate all his office equipment and phones, most probably to try to deprive him of his means of producing videos for YouTube. At the same time, he also received an official warning from the regional prosecutor’s office. He then had to leave Belarus. Otherwise, he would not have been able to continue his ministry. He left for Poland from where he went on preaching and speaking on YouTube and other social media.
However, Lukashenko‘s regime did not forget him. Four of his YouTube videos were added to its list of extremist materials.
Additionally, to put pressure on him, representatives of law enforcement agencies visited his father several times in November and December 2022 and questioned him as a witness in the criminal case.
“Long before 2020, I predicted the social and political crisis in the country to get deeper. I argued that without rethinking the atrocities committed under communist rule, state-sponsored terror would inevitably reoccur,” Barok stressed.
A call and a message to the EU
And Barok went on saying: “Today, being in the European Parliament, I want to thank you for your interest in the difficult situation in Belarus. Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 2022, Aleś Bialacki, who is Catholic and a Belarusian pro-democracy activist, called the current situation a ‘civil war’. He used this phrase in his final speech at the court and called on the authorities to put an end to it.”
On 3 March 2023, Ales Bialacki was sentenced to 10 years in prison on fabricated charges. He is a founding member of Viasna, a human rights organization, and the Belarusian Popular Front, serving as leader of the latter from 1996 to 1999. He is also a member of the Coordination Council of the Belarusian opposition.
Barok added:
“The civil war waged by the criminal regime against its own people is taking place in the context of the increasingly pervasive Russian occupation. Of course, under such external conditions, there is very little hope for freedom of religion. Today, if religious organisations still have the right to exist openly, it is only because Lukashenko’s regime needs to instrumentalize the churches for his own political purposes.”
And Barok concluded:
“If the world ignores the Belarusian problem, or an attempt is made to base a dialogue on compromises with evil (bargaining, for example, the release of political prisoners for the lifting of sanctions), the opposition in Belarus will only grow. It inevitably will lead to a violent scenario.In order for peace to return to Belarus, it is necessary to create a situation in which all those who have committed crimes against Belarusian people will begin to answer for those crimes.And of course, the help of the whole of Europe is needed here. The responsibility for the fate of Belarus rests not only on the Belarusian people, but also on the whole of Europe.”
The ancient space satellite has been in the vicinity of our planet since 100 BC.
Astronomers have discovered a new quasi-moon Earth – a cosmic body that orbits it but is gravitationally bound to the Sun, the Daily Mail reported.
The space object, named 2023 FW13, was discovered by experts using the Pan-STARRS telescope atop the Haleakala volcano on the Hawaiian island of Maui and is one of the few known quasi-moons.
Experts believe that the ancient space satellite has been near Earth since 100 BC. and will continue to orbit our planet for at least another 1500 years, until 3700.
Neither 2023 FW13 nor a similar quasi-moon called 469219 Kamo’oaleva is believed to pose a danger to humans on Earth.
Several candidates for Earth’s second moon have been proposed, but none have been confirmed so far.
Quasimoons are a subcategory of near-Earth asteroids that orbit the Sun but stay close to our planet. They move in an elliptical orbit around the Sun, which is very similar to the Earth’s. They appear to be in orbit around the Earth, but are gravitationally bound to the Sun.
2023 FW13 was first observed on March 28 this year with the Pan-STARRS telescope, and then its existence was confirmed with other telescopes. It is listed by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union. Although its size has not been confirmed, asteroid specialist Richard Binzel estimates it to be about 10 – 15 m in diameter.
This is nothing compared to the size of the Moon, which is 3,476 km in diameter, although the Moon is classified as such because of its orbital characteristics, not size. 2023 FW13 orbits the Sun in 365.42 days, the same time as Earth. Although its orbit is around the earth, it is so elongated that it reaches halfway to Mars and halfway to Venus.
Earth has several known satellites, many of which are quasi-satellites, although, as 2023 FW13 indicates, there are likely many more yet to be discovered.
Quasi-satellites typically follow a “stable” path around Earth for more than a few decades before eventually leaving the planet’s orbit.
Kamo’oaleva (or 2016 HO3) was discovered by the Pan-STARRS telescope in Hawaii in 2016. Its diameter is about 100 m. It will be in this orbit for about 300 years, according to Renu Malhotra, an expert at the University of Arizona.
Photo by Patrik Felker: https://www.pexels.com/photo/desk-globe-against-black-background-6220559/
Every day, UN human rights officers are on the frontlines to support them.
They are part of the UN’s field work, talking to those most affected by conflict and monitoring how human rights principles and international humanitarian law obligations are being respected in situations of conflict and insecurity; like in Garowe, Somalia, where nearly 75,000 men, women, and children have fled to safety from nearby armed clashes amid a conflict that has already displaced as many as 200,000.
Read about a day in the life of a UN human rights team here.
Amina Abdirahman shares a room with three of her six children in Garowe, Somalia, after fleeing an outbreak of fighting in Laascaanood, 127-km away.
A team of Egyptian lawyers and archaeologists is demanding that the streaming company “Netflix” pay compensation in the amount of two billion dollars for the distortion of the image of Queen Cleopatra and Ancient Egypt in the feature-documentary series “Cleopatra”, the online publication “Egypt Independent” reported. The request was made in a letter to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Experts point out that Egypt has the right to take legal action to protect and preserve its tangible and intangible heritage, whether ancient or modern.
A few days ago, the Ministry of Culture of the North African country filed a complaint with the Egyptian Prosecutor’s Office against the American company, demanding that the film be removed from the platform and not be shown in any form.
This is the first legal action by an official institution in relation to the series. Earlier, lawyer Mahmoud Al-Semar announced that he was taking steps to block Netflix in the country.
The documentary series caused a wave of discontent and criticism in Egypt against the casting of the black actress Adele James for the role of Cleopatra Seven. After its premiere, the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Monuments released an official statement that the legendary queen, who was the last monarch of the Ptolemaic dynasty, was fair-skinned.
A frightened Ukrainian child on the Lviv Railway in 2022 - Photo by Anastasia Levko
Strassler Center hosts ‘The War in Ukraine Through a Camera Lens’
By Clark News and Media Relations
A Russian genocide scholar, on leave in the United States, has spearheaded a Clark University exhibition of photos documenting the war in Ukraine in defiance of Putin’s authoritarian policies prohibiting anti-war speech.
“The War in Ukraine Through a Camera Lens” is on display until fall in the Siff Gallery at the Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Ten Ukrainian photographers contributed powerful images that document the daily suffering and resilience of civilians living under siege. According to Tatiana Kazakova, a Ukrainian art manager and activist based in Lviv who curated the exhibition, “Our goal is to record the events that are currently taking place in Ukraine and the price that Ukrainians pay. Our pictures are untitled, because we all became Bucha, we all became Kyiv. We have one thing in common — the war — and we must end it with common efforts.”
A 2023 protest in Madrid against Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Tatiana Kazakova)
The Russian academic who initiated the exhibition sought to document the impact of the invasion for an American audience. The scholar has necessarily chosen to remain anonymous because of the prospect of serious personal danger. Opposition to the war is routinely punished in Russia with fines, criminal prosecution, and blacklisting that imperils livelihoods. In April, the dissident Vladimir Kara-Murza received a 25-year prison sentence for anti-war activities, a sentence widely viewed as a move to intimidate other protesters, among them ethnic minorities, religious activists, and anarchists. On the opposite side of the protesters are far-right nationalists who support the aggressive prosecution of the war and who have expressed a preference for more direct conflict with NATO and the West.
According to Mary Jane Rein, executive director of the Strassler Center, the exhibition invites viewers to consider whether the crimes committed in Ukraine constitute genocide, given reports of widespread atrocities including sexual violence, extrajudicial killings, civilian massacres, and kidnapping of Ukrainian children. Since February 2022, these crimes have unfolded against a backdrop of Russian rhetoric denying the sovereignty, history, and cultural independence of Ukraine, she notes.
For Holocaust historian Thomas Kühne, Strassler Colin Flug Professor and director of the Strassler Center, the Russian invasion is “an attempt to erase Ukrainian history and culture.” The intent to destroy a national group is key to the definition of genocide, and many scholars feel that Russian atrocities in Ukraine have reached the genocidal threshold, he said, adding that the labelling of Ukrainians as Nazis, as Putin has done, demands a response from historians challenging the perversion of history for political ends.
A memorial of flowers and photos of Ukrainian war victims in Lviv. (Photo by Tatiana Kazakova)
The Strassler exhibit features the work of photographers Andriy Chekanovsky, Anatolii Dzhygyr, Sergey Karas, Vasyl Katiman, Tatiana Kazakova, Anastasia Levko, Kateryna Mostova, Viacheslav Onyshchenko, Nelli Spirina, and Yury Tumanov. Anya Cunningham ’24, Robyn Conroy, and Alissa Duke installed the exhibition.
With no end in sight, the conflict points to the need for a deeper understanding of the region and its complex history, Rein said. To that end, the Strassler Center has invited the Ukrainian Holocaust historian Marta Havryshko to hold a three-year appointment beginning in the fall as the Dr. Thomas Zand Visiting Professor. Formerly a director of the Babyn Yar Interdisciplinary Studies Institute at the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, Havryshko is completing a book project, “War, Power and Gender: Sexual Violence during the Holocaust in Ukraine,” that focuses on sexual violence against Jews of both genders during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine. She frequently writes and speaks about the current conflict in Ukraine. “Her presence on campus will continue to remind the Clark community of the horrors of the Russian invasion long after the photo exhibition concludes,” Rein said.
