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Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why

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EuropeanTimes
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Pacific
Photo de Symeon Ekizoglou - pexels

The “cold tongue” is an island of coolness in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Ecuador. The only part of the world’s oceans to cool, it is a real mystery that could play a decisive role in climate change.

ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why

The oceans are warming due to climate change: that’s what scientists have been telling us for years. While the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic set absolute records for warmth, an anomaly persists: an area of the Pacific Ocean which, against all logic, is cooling. And has been for the last thirty years. A real mystery, even described as “the most important unanswered question in the field of climatology” by University of Colorado specialist Pedro DiNezio, interviewed by the media outlet New Scientist, which devotes an article to “the cold tongue” of the Pacific.

The latter, which was detected in the 1990s and extends over several thousand kilometers. For a long time, it was attributed to the extreme natural variability of the region: it is the largest and deepest ocean on the planet, which has always been much cooler (5 to 6°C) East side, either the West coast of the Americas on the Asia side, than on the West side. But other scientists, such as Richard Seager of Columbia University in New York, have demonstrated that this gradual cooling was not necessarily natural, and that it could be due to other, still unknown, phenomena linked to the ‘human activity. The problem is there: this cold tongue is losing degrees (0.5°C in 40 years) and we still don’t know why, even though we’ve been seeing it for 30 years. Except that this phenomenon could have serious consequences, which current climate models do not take into account, as reported by the scientific media.

The trouble is that not knowing why this cooling is happening means we also don’t know when it will stop, or whether it will suddenly flip over into warming. This has global implications. The future of the cold tongue could determine whether California is gripped by permanent drought or Australia by ever-deadlier wildfires. It influences the intensity of monsoon season in India and the chances of famine in the Horn of Africa. It could even alter the extent of climate change globally by tweaking how sensitive Earth’s atmosphere is to rising greenhouse gas emissions.

Given all this, it isn’t surprising that climate scientists are trying to find out what is going on with increasing urgency.

The Pacific, larger than all land areas

The Pacific Ocean remains very mysterious, it is the largest and deepest ocean on the planet – it is so vast that it covers a larger area than all land combined. The great natural variations of the climate of the tropical Pacific influence the weather of the whole world, knowing how it will react to the increase in emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a major challenge.

About every three to five years, the Pacific goes from a La Niña episode, with relatively cool water surface temperatures in the equatorial zone, to an El Niño episode, where these waters warm more than normal. This cycle, referred to as the El Niño Southern Oscillation, or ENSO, is caused by changes in ocean wind patterns and the movement of water from the colder ocean floor to the warmer surface.

ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why
Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why 5
ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why
El Niño – During an El Niño event, the trade winds weaken or may even reverse, allowing the area of warmer-than-normal water to move toward the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Chart of abnormal ocean surface temperatures [ºC] observed in December 1997 during the last strong El Niño

To which is added the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), a variation in sea surface temperature over a period of 20 to 30 years, the exact origin of which remains undetermined, and whose effects are similar to those of ENSO

ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why

The mechanism that causes PDO. is not yet well understood. It has been suggested that the thin upper layer that warms in summer over the ocean insulates the colder water at depth and that it takes years to rise.

The effects of cold and warm phases are identifiable in the climate of North America. Between 1900 and 1925, during a cold phase, annual temperatures were relatively low. During the following thirty years and a warm phase, temperatures were milder. The cycle was verified each time thereafter

These variations complicate the calculation of long-term trends. This is why, when they detected this “cold tongue” phenomenon in the 1990s, researchers attributed its existence to the extreme (but natural) variability of the region.

Gabon coup, Army cancels elections and seizes power

By
Juan Sanchez Gil
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Gabon
Screenshot from Gabon national TV

There’s some news coming from Gabon, as reported in an article for the BBC by George Wright & Kathryn Armstrong. A group of soldiers has just made an appearance on national television claiming that they have seized control of the government.

They have announced the cancellation of the results from Saturday’s election, in which President Ali Bongo was declared the winner. The opposition has strongly argued that the election was completely fraudulent.

If these claims hold true it could mark the end of the Bongo family’s 53-year reign in power. It is worth noting that Gabon is an oil producer in Africa with approximately 90% of its land covered by rainforest. It became a member of the Commonwealth in June which is quite rare for a non-British colony.

Identifying themselves as members of something called the Committee of Transition and Restoration of Institutions, the Gabon coup, these soldiers represent security forces. During their televised appearance, one soldier stated that they had decided to defend peace by putting an end to the regime. He attributed disunity and potential chaos to what he referred to as “irresponsible and unpredictable governance.”

Following this broadcast, there were reports from people in Libreville (the capital) about hearing gunfire. In another city, individuals mentioned that the message regarding this takeover played repeatedly on both television channels. It seems apparent that multiple defense forces might be involved.

As for now, there hasn’t been any response, from the government and President Bongo’s whereabouts remain unknown.

The Internet connection was disconnected following the election. It was restored after the apparent coup. Additionally, a curfew is currently imposed.

Bongo has faced allegations of fraud in the last two elections. Critics have raised concerns about issues with ballots and limited access to media during this recent election as well. Furthermore, his health has been in question since suffering a stroke in 2018. There was an unsuccessful coup attempt in 2019.

While the situation remains uncertain if this military takeover succeeds it appears that Bongo’s presidency could be, in jeopardy. We will need to wait and observe how events unfold. However, it seems that the family’s rule spanning decades may have reached a dramatic conclusion.

FIBA and Global Suppliers Partner to Launch New LED Backstop

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Newsdesk
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FIBA
Copyright FIBA

FIBA, the organization governing basketball has joined forces with two of its global suppliers, Schelde Sports and Unilumin Sports to unveil an innovative LED backstop. The Super SAM 325 PRO LED marks a milestone as the first integrated LED screen to be incorporated into a backstop. It will be prominently showcased at the FIBA Basketball World Cup in 2023.

Olivier Esteves, CEO of Schelde Sports expressed their shared objective with FIBA in nurturing and popularizing basketball on a scale. Esteves conveyed their pride in introducing the groundbreaking Super SAM 325 PRO LED at such a prestigious event as the FIBA Basketball World Cup.

James Li, Vice President of Unilumin highlighted their long-standing role as FIBA’s official LED partner since 2019 and their ongoing commitment, to enhancing the spectator experience through cutting-edge display solutions. Li emphasized that bringing together world-class basketball with their advanced technology showcases both Unilumins and FIBA’s dedication to providing a captivating spectacle that befits an international stage event.
The Super SAM 325 PRO LED comes with safety features, including specially designed diamond-shaped padding and a breakaway ring that can move in multiple directions. This makes it one of the most secure backstops available on the market.

Frank Leenders, the Director General of FIBA Media and Marketing Services expressed his appreciation for the relationships that FIBA has built with its Global Partners and Suppliers. He also highlighted the satisfaction of seeing two of these partners Schelde Sports and Unilumin Sports collaborate to create such a product.

Leenders mentioned that this LED backstop offers brand exposure opportunities for other Global Partners resulting in a win-win situation for everyone involved.

The Super SAM 325 PRO LED will be used in all venues during the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023. The tournament is scheduled to take place in the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia from August 25 to September 10.

About the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023 
The 19th edition of FIBA’s flagship event, the FIBA Basketball World Cup, is taking place for the first time across three host nations in the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia from August 25 to September 10.   

For more information on the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023, visit www.fiba.basketball/basketballworldcup/2023 or follow the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023 on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

Sony Announces “α7CR” and “α7C II”

By
Juan Sanchez Gil
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Sony cameras
Sony cameras

Sony has announced two new additions to its lineup of full-frame mirrorless cameras – the “α7CR” and “α7C II”. The new models, set for release on October 13, 2023, inherit the compact form factor of the earlier “α7C” while featuring upgraded sensors and other improvements.

The “α7CR” and “α7C II” use the same compact housing as each other, measuring approximately 124.0 x 71.1 x 63.4 mm and weighing around 515g. This makes them one of the smallest and lightest full-frame mirrorless cameras with in-body image stabilization. Both new models will come in silver and black color options.

The “α7CR” features a 61-megapixel effective pixel sensor, the same used in Sony’s “α7R V” model. The “α7C II” has a 33-megapixel back-illuminated Exmor R CMOS sensor, similar to the “α7 IV”. Both cameras utilize Sony’s latest “BIONZ X” image processing engine.

In terms of core performance and functionality, the two new models are nearly identical apart from differences relating to the image sensors. They have upgraded autofocus capabilities thanks to Sony’s “AI processing unit,” allowing for improved subject recognition and tracking. In-body image stabilization has also been enhanced from 5.0 to 7.0 stops of correction.

The “α7C II” offers a maximum continuous shooting speed of around 10 frames per second, while the “α7CR” can shoot at up to 8 fps. Both cameras use an electronic shutter only. They can record high-quality 4K video at up to 60p with 10-bit 4:2:2 color depth.

Sony’s “S-Cinetone” look is included for richer, more natural colors in video. Users can also import and apply custom LUTs when shooting in LOG mode. Overall, the new “α7CR” and “α7C II” deliver leading imaging performance in impressively compact bodies.

Defense, Critical Role of EU Satellite Centre in Bolstering European Security

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Newsdesk
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Borrel with Defense Ministers
High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, during his visit at SatCen © UE

On August 30 2023 in Madrid, the defense ministers of the European Union and High Representative Josep Borrell gathered at the European Union Satellite Centre (EU SatCen) in Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain for a meeting. This special occasion marked the anniversary of SatCen and highlighted its crucial role in EU foreign policy, security and defense integration.

Joined by acting Minister of Defense Margarita Robles Borrell chaired a meeting with the SatCen Board of Directors. Toured the facility’s advanced operation rooms and geospatial intelligence capabilities. This important summit took place ahead of a gathering of EU defense ministers in Toledo under the Spanish presidency of the Council of the European Union.

“SatCen provides us with a global perspective that enables informed decision-making to protect Europe’s citizens and interests ” commented Borrell during his visit. “Today ministers witnessed firsthand how SatCens space-based resources continuously monitor hotspots and crises worldwide. We also discussed plans to significantly expand SatCens capacities to cater to Europe’s future needs.”

Robles emphasized that SatCen’s unmatched geospatial data and analysis have value across various areas of European strategic interests – from counterterrorism to humanitarian efforts and civil protection.

“SatCen plays a role in advancing progress and ensuring security in various areas including addressing Russian aggression in Ukraine managing challenges related to irregular migration and dealing with natural disasters exacerbated by climate change ” she emphasized.

So what is the European Union Satellite Centre (SatCen)?

Originally established in 1992 as an agency under the Western European Union (which no longer exists) SatCen officially became an EU institution on January 1 2002. With its headquarters located in Madrid, its primary mission is to provide intelligence to EU institutions and member states to support the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) particularly the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).

The essential tasks of SatCen include;

  • Generating timely intelligence to inform EU operations, planning and crisis response.
  • Strengthening multilateral arms control efforts, non-proliferation measures and verification of international treaties.
  • Enhancing counterterrorism actions and combating organized crime.
  • Improving preparedness for emergencies and effectively responding to natural disasters.
  • Promoting cutting-edge space technologies and resources.

By utilizing a range of geospatial assets such as satellite imaging and real-time tracking capabilities SatCen provides invaluable early warning intelligence. This enables coordinated diplomatic, economic, humanitarian and civil protection actions, by the EU when faced with emerging crises or security challenges.

SatCen plays a role in European defense integration and ensuring stability beyond the borders of the EU. As threats become more complex and widespread SatCen’s significance in EU policymaking and response is growing.

Director Sorin Ducaru, appointed by the High Representative has been leading SatCen since June 2019. This appointment was made by the SatCen Management Board, which consists of representatives from all 27 EU member states.

Given the convergence of complex crises in Europe, the recent high-level visit highlighted SatCen’s increasingly central position in security and defense efforts within the European Union.

The focus was, on expanding SatCen’s capabilities, resources and influence to serve Europe’s current strategic interests while also preparing for future multifaceted challenges. With its assets, SatCen is well-positioned to drive and facilitate European defense integration for a long time to come.

This is how the donut and its hole were created

By
Julia Romero
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woman holding donut

The first known buns originate from Ancient Greece, where they had already invented the empanada, and it seems that, by diluting the same dough in more water, they obtained a softer consistency that they baked and sweetened.

But the Romans were even more ingenious, and what they did was take a portion of dough and shape it with their hands before putting it in boiling water or frying in very hot oil.

But it is necessary to continue in time many centuries later to give shape to a bun that we know today as a donut. And it was thanks to the Dutch in the 16th century where they cooked an oil bun known as “olykoek” that was prepared with dough and sugar and then fried, typical of Christmas.

Like almost everything related to the colonists, the donut, at the beginning of the 17th century, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the United States, where the English called it “dough nut” or nut paste. Needless to say, that dessert spread rapidly among the population and its success was immediate.

But what the bun didn’t have was the famous hole in the center. It was simply a round dough, similar in size and very sweet, but difficult to cook in the center, where it remained raw most of the time.

Until one day, Hanson Gregory, an American sailor who saw his mother preparing donuts back in 1847 and her complaints about the cooking problem, had the idea of ​​making a hole in the center of the dough and using This made the donut evenly done on all sides and greatly improved its flavor.

More than two hundred years making the donut dough without a hole was too long. It was one more bun until it was able to identify it in this way. And, although the English want the credit for its creation, the truth is that in the state of Pennsylvania, the Dutch had already had this idea independently.

This is where the American saying comes from that “in America it is possible to achieve fame by inventing a hole”. So says the bronze plaque at the foot of the Hanson Gregory monument in Rockport, Maine, the sailor’s hometown.

In Spain there are antecedents of the donut in the fifteenth century, especially in Castilla and Catalonia, where a somewhat sweet fried dough with a hole in the center that was eaten hot and smeared with honey, was a delicacy for winter and that it was tradition to eat on the day of the dead.

In the book “Art of cooking, pastry, biscuits and canning “, From Francisco Martínez Montiño, Felipe II’s chief cook, several recipes are given that are explained in reference to fritters and all kinds of buns and frying pan fruit, some of which are almost identical to donuts. We could say that in SpainFor example, the Catholic Monarchs already tasted donuts, although under the Castilian name of bollos de hechura.

In Spain the Donuts brand was registered in 1962 by the company Panrico. After more than 50 years, and despite many attempts by competing brands as well as chefs and consumers on cooking blogs, no one has yet managed to match its flavor and texture.

You don’t have to be Homer Simpsons to rejoice at a well-made donut, and in America there are many bakeries that are dedicated to them, but in Texas, at Round Rock Donuts, you can even eat one the size of your face, and they prepare it for you. at the moment. Of course, there is usually a tremendous queue to be able to try its star delicacy.

The donut has its own day in the United States. On the first Friday of June each year, following a proposal by the Chicago Salvation Army in 1938, “Donut Day” is observed to honor its members who served donuts to soldiers during World War I.

Originally published at LaDamadeElche.com

OECD, What is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development?

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Newsdesk
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OECD in Paris
By Nick-D - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42607125

Have you ever come across the term OECD in news articles or discussions about the economy? Did anybody ever explain to you what it actually is and why it matters? Here is our humble attempt. The OECD, short for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is an organization that holds influence in shaping global economics and policymaking. Let’s delve deeper into understanding the nature of the OECD, its functions and its importance.

A Platform for Collaborative Economic Efforts

The OECD was established in 1961 as a successor to the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) which was originally formed in 1948 to administer aid as part of the Marshall Plan aimed at reconstructing war Europe. The primary purpose, behind creating the OECD was to provide a platform where countries could come together to discuss challenges and work towards implementing sustainable policies that foster economic growth and development.

The Organization, for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), is headquartered in Paris. Consists of 38 member countries. These countries include a majority of emerging economies. In the Americas, members range from the United States and Canada to Mexico, Chile and Colombia. In Europe, Germany, France, the UK, Italy and Turkey are included. Asian Pacific representation comes from Korea, Japan and Australia while Israel represents the Middle East. However, it’s important to note that major emerging economies like China, India and Brazil are not currently part of the OECD.

Key Functions and Focus Areas of the OECD

It performs a number of functions:

  1. It provides a platform for governments to compare policy experiences exchange best practices information and coordinate domestic and international policies effectively.
  2. The organization analyzes trends within its member countries as well as globally to forecast future developments accurately.
  3. It collects social data from both member states and selected non-member nations.
  4. The organization conducts research that leads to recommendations on policies aiming at promoting economic growth along with financial stability and employment opportunities.
  5. Furthermore; it assists in coordinating approaches for addressing tax avoidance issues by corporations.

Moreover, it focuses on policy areas that have an impact on economic growth and development such, as macroeconomics, trading patterns, investments, technology advancements, taxation laws, environment protection measures, agriculture sector improvements, development initiatives, employment opportunities, schooling systems etc.

Influencing Policy and Standards

The OECD is actively working on initiatives to tackle income, wealth and opportunity disparities. They are also focused on promoting business practices and anti-corruption measures. Additionally, they aim to adapt economies and societies to the challenges posed by an ageing population while supporting development goals, in low-income countries.

In terms of policy and standards, the OECD holds sway through its publication of reports, analyses and recommendations on economic issues. These insights are often relied upon by policymakers and international organizations. For instance, the OECD’s reports on topics like pension systems, corporate governance and productivity play a role in shaping policy agendas and establishing practices.

Furthermore, the OECD has played a role in developing standards and legal instruments that both member countries and non-members adhere to. These cover areas such as taxes, chemical testing protocols, and bribery rules among others. The widespread adoption of the OECD’s PISA test for assessing education systems is a testament to their influence. Media outlets, academia, and businesses frequently refer to the organization’s data and metrics as sources.

With its ability to drive reforms and facilitate policy coordination among economies, the OECD serves as a platform, for countries to learn from one another’s experiences while addressing shared challenges. By adopting evidence-based policies that prioritize efficiency and sustainability growth objectives can be achieved effectively. It is worth noting that adhered benchmarks set by the organization have significantly contributed towards this endeavour

Impacts on the Global Economy

The OECD plays a role, in shaping the economy and international policies in several ways;

By providing reports and statistics on indicators, trade patterns, foreign direct investment and development aid the OECD helps monitor the overall health of the global economy.
The organization’s policy recommendations on matters such as taxes, corporate governance and regulatory practices influence government actions, business frameworks and international cooperation.

Forecasts made by the OECD regarding growth, inflation, employment rates and other factors have an impact on central bank policies, investment decisions and consumer confidence.

Through initiatives focused on areas like trade facilitation, investment promotion, tax avoidance prevention measures and anti-bribery efforts; the OECD sets standards for business conduct across borders.

Social policies related to issues like inequality reduction measures education reform efforts and addressing challenges posed by ageing populations help countries tackle demographic and labor-related concerns.

The OECD also carries out development projects that provide assistance to low-income nations in Africa Asia Latin America and the Caribbean. These projects focus on areas such as finance green growth technology transfer and governance improvements.

Ultimately the OECD plays a role in promoting synchronization among developed emerging and developing countries’ economies through a process of policy analysis research recommendation and review. As one of the international economic organizations along, with the World Bank and IMF, the OECD’s impact is far-reaching.

To sum it up the OECD is an organization that contributes to the promotion of long-lasting economic growth, stability and progress worldwide by conducting policy analysis, research, establishing standards and facilitating collaboration, between developed and developing economies. It plays a part, in shaping the economic environment and priorities.

Death of Wagner boss Evgeny Prigozhin confirmed by Russian Investigative Committee

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Newsdesk
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According to a statement, from the Investigative Committee the crash victims identities, including Yevgeny Prigozhin, head of the Russian paramilitary group Wagner have been confirmed through genetic tests.

The Russian Investigative Committee has announced that genetic expertise has confirmed the death of Yevgeny Prigozhin, who was leading the Russian paramilitary group Wagner and was involved in a plane crash in Russia. These tests were carried out after the crash occurred on August 23 in the Tver region.

Russia has officially acknowledged Yevgeny Prigozhins death raising suspicions internationally that he may have been targeted for assassination. The private jet carrying him and his associates crashed in the Tver region resulting in ten fatalities.

After conducting days of genetic testing following the tragic crash it has been determined that all ten victims match the list of passengers and crew members on board. This confirmation comes from a statement released by the Investigative Committee on Sunday.

Among those, on board were Yevgeny Prigozhin himself and Dmitry Outkin, who served as an ex officer in a military intelligence unit and acted as Wagners commander.The investigators have not yet provided any information, about the leads they are examining. They haven’t mentioned whether they are considering an accident, bomb, surface to air missile or pilot error as causes. On the hand some in the West have pointed fingers at the head of state following Wagners bosss failed rebellion two months ago. However at this stage no evidence has been presented to support these claims.

The Kremlin has denied any involvement in ordering the assassination of Yevgeny Prigozhin. Dismissed insinuations as mere speculation.

Since the plane crash people in cities where the Wagner group had its training centers have been expressing their condolences by placing flowers at makeshift memorials for Yevgeny Prigozhin. This shows that he had gained popularity among groups.

Vladimir Putin referred to Yevgeny Prigozhin as a “traitor” due to his rebellion against the Russian General Staff and Defense Minister Sergei Choigou on June 23 and 24. Wagners men briefly seized sites, in Russia before moving towards Moscow. Putin had known Prigozhin since the 1990s.

OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023

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Newsdesk
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0
10 and 5 euro banknotes
Photo by Ibrahim Boran on Unsplash

Gross domestic product (GDP) in the OECD rose by 0.4% quarter-on-quarter in the second quarter of 2023, slightly down from 0.5% growth in the previous quarter, according to provisional estimates. This extends the consistent pattern of moderate growth observed since the first quarter of 2022.

In the G7, quarter-on-quarter GDP growth picked up slightly to 0.5% in Q2 2023, compared with 0.4% in Q1. This reflects a mixed picture among G7 countries. On the one hand, GDP growth increased noticeably in Japan (to 1.5% in Q2 2023, compared with 0.9% in Q1) and in France (to 0.5%, compared with 0.1%). Growth also accelerated, although more marginally, in the United States and the United Kingdom (to 0.6% and 0.2% in Q2, respectively, compared with 0.5% and 0.1% in Q1). On the other hand, GDP contracted in Italy in Q2 2023 (minus 0.3%) following a growth of 0.6% in Q1. Growth also slowed in Canada (to 0.3% in Q2, compared with 0.8% in Q1). Growth was flat in Germany in Q2, after contracting in the two previous quarters (Figure 1).

Several G7 countries have published details of the main factors driving the changes in GDP. In Japan, net exports (exports minus imports) were the main driver of growth, reflecting a 3.2% increase in exports and a 4.3% drop in imports, while private consumption contracted in Q2 (by minus 0.5%). Similarly, in France, net exports supported growth while private consumption contracted (by minus 0.3%). By contrast, in the United Kingdom, increases in private and government spending supported growth while net exports continued to be a dampening factor. The latter was also the case in Germany, reflecting a 1.1% drop in exports. In the United States, investment and private consumption contributed to GDP growth, although private consumption growth decelerated significantly (to 0.4% in Q2, compared with 1.0% in Q1). According to a preliminary analysis released by Italy, their GDP contraction reflected a reduction in domestic demand (including changes in inventories).

Of the OECD countries closest (geographically) to the war in Ukraine, GDP recovered strongly in Lithuania in Q2 2023, growing by 2.8%, compared with a contraction of 2.1% in Q1. In contrast, GDP contracted sharply in Poland in Q2 2023 (minus 3.7%) following 3.8% growth in Q1. GDP continued to contract in Hungary (minus 0.3%) for the fourth consecutive quarter.

Among other OECD countries for which data is available, Ireland recorded the strongest GDP growth (3.3%) in Q2, followed by Slovenia (1.4%) and Costa Rica (1.3%). By contrast, GDP contracted in ten OECD countries, most notably in Poland (minus 3.7%) followed by Sweden (minus 1.5%) and Colombia (minus 1.0%).

GDP in the OECD area exceeded its pre-pandemic (Q4 2019) level by 5.1% in the second quarter of 2023. In the G7, GDP exceeded its pre-pandemic level by 4.0%, although in the United Kingdom GDP still remained slightly below its pre-pandemic level (Figure 2). Elsewhere in the OECD, GDP was above Q4 2019 levels in Q2 2023 in all countries for which data was available except the Czech Republic. Spain, the OECD country most severely impacted by the pandemic (with a GDP contraction of 11.3% in 2020), exceeded its pre-pandemic level of GDP for the first time in Q2 2023[1], by 0.4%.

Figure 1 – Gross domestic product (quarter-on-quarter change)

Percentage change on the previous quarter, seasonally adjusted data

GDP growth
OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023 15
Visit the interactive OECD Data Portal to explore this data  

* In Q2 2023, Germany and the European Union recorded zero growth. In Q1 2023, the euro area recorded zero growth.

Figure 2 – Gross domestic product (change since Q4 2019)

Cumulative growth rate (percentage), seasonally adjusted data

ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023
OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023 16

Table 1 – Quarterly (quarter-on-quarter) real GDP growth

Percentage change on the previous quarter, seasonally adjusted data 

ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023
OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023 17

..: not available

Source: OECD (2023) Quarterly National Accounts (Database)

Table 2 – Quarterly (year-on-year) real GDP growth

Percentage change on the same quarter of the previous year, seasonally adjusted data

ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw== OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023
OECD GDP growth slows slightly in the second quarter of 2023 18

..: not available

Data shown in this release was last updated on the 25th of August 2023. Methodological information: OECD GDP growth – Methodological Notes for OECD GDP News Release.G20 GDP growth – Methodological Notes for G20 GDP News Release.Access Data: OECD Database:OECD GDP News release underlying data; G7 countries and OECD aggregates, GDP and components, growth and contributions to growth; G20 countries and G20 aggregates, GDP growth.Contacts: For further information contact the OECD’s Media Relations Division on (33) 1 45 24 97 00 or e-mail [email protected]; for further information on data contact OECD’s Statistics and Data Directorate: [email protected].Next releases: G20 GDP growth – Q2 2023: 14 September 2023OECD GDP growth – Q3 2023: 21 November 2023  

Source: OECD (2023) Quarterly National Accounts (Database)

[1] According to earlier estimates, released on the 23rd of June, Spain already exceeded its pre-pandemic level in Q1 2023. However, following subsequent revisions, made on the 28th of July, this actually only occurred in Q2 2023.   

109-year-old Tulsa Massacre survivor reflects on legacy of slavery in UN visit

By
United Nations News
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109-year-old Tulsa Massacre survivor reflects on legacy of slavery in UN visit
UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe- At age 109, Viola Ford Fletcher, the oldest living survivor of the Tulsa Massacre, visits the Ark of Return at UN Headquarters.
Viola Fletcher was just seven years old when she was forcibly displaced from her hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma, by an armed mob which destroyed the predominantly Black enclave of Greenwood, killing hundreds of residents.

Together with her grandson, Ike Howard, the 109-year-old Ms. Fletcher came to UN Headquarters this week to commemorate the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) International Day of Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition.

Standing in front of the Ark of Return monument, Ms. Fletcher and Mr. Howard spoke with UN News to discuss the legacy of slavery and the possibility of reparations for those with ancestral ties to the horrific trade.

Black Wall Street

Viola Ford Fletcher’s memoir, Don’t Let Them Bury My Story, recounts the lasting impact of the Tulsa Massacre on her life.

The Greenwood district in Tulsa was colloquially known as Black Wall Street due to the wealth and opportunities it provided.

Segregation in Oklahoma during the 1920s severely restricted the socioeconomic status of Black residents, making Greenwood a rare neighbourhood where they could thrive and attain success.

There were Black-owned grocery shops, furniture stores, and a movie theatre, an exceptional rarity for Black communities at the time.

On 30 May 1921, however, the neighbourhood was plunged into what would eventually become one of the worst incidents of racially motivated violence in United States history.

A young Black man was accused of assaulting a White teenaged girl and subsequently arrested before news of his alleged crime had been published in sensationalized newspapers across the city. To this day, the true extent of the physical contact between the two is not known.

These accusations caused a crowd of armed White men to gather outside the courthouse where Mr. Rowland was being held. To protect Mr. Rowland from being lynched, a group of armed Black men began to file into the area.

The White crowd reportedly became enraged, and racist comments and expletives quickly escalated into an exchange of gunfire.

‘Some of them made it, so many did not’

The ensuing conflict quickly engulfed the entire neighbourhood of Greenwood. White men fired indiscriminately at Black residents fleeing the violence and proceeded to burn over 35 blocks of the neighbourhood, resulting in the displacement of over 10,000 Black residents. The number of lives lost has never been confirmed, although some estimates place the death toll as high as 300.

Ms. Fletcher was one of the displaced. In her memoir, Don’t Let Them Bury My Story: The Oldest Living Survivor of the Tulsa Race Massacre in Her Own Words,Ms. Fletcher recalls seeing families desperately fleeing the carnage, with many being gunned down in the process.

“My eyes burned and watered from the smoke and ash, but I could still see everything so clearly. People ran clinging to their loved ones toward the railroad or any path out of the town that was not overrun with armed White men,” she writes.

“Some of them made it. So many did not. We passed piles of dead bodies heaped in the streets. Some of them had their eyes open, as though they were still alive, but they weren’t.”

‘To reconcile means to reconcile’

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On Wednesday, 102 years later, Ms. Fletcher and her grandson held a libation ceremony in front of the Ark of Return at UN Headquarters. The memorial was constructed by Haitian American artist Rodney Leon for the UN in 2015. According to Mr. Leon, the memorial is intended to be a “spiritual place of return” for all international victims of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

The ceremony was intended to coincide with the International Day and as a reminder of why the legacy of slavery must continue to be highlighted. Also discussed was the possibility of reparations for those with ancestry tied to the slave trade.

“To reconcile means to reconcile. We need reparations, period. It’s time to make it right, worldwide. We need reparations around the world,” said Mr. Howard.

“Some countries and some cities in the United States are taking steps to incorporate reparations. If there is a will there’s a way. We can get this done,” he added.

‘Dominoes are starting to fall’

George Floyd, an African American, was killed after being restrained by police in the United States.
George Floyd, an African American, was killed after being restrained by police in the United States.

According to her grandson, Ms. Fletcher has been pleased with the progress that has been made in her lifetime. Having lived through the post-reconstruction “Jim Crow” era, the civil rights movement, and, most recently, the Black Lives Matter movement, Ms. Fletcher has observed first-hand the evolving attitudes toward the legacy of the slave trade.

“She feels good about the movement that’s ongoing across the country. Dominoes are starting to fall. It’s a blessing to see a ray of sunshine, a ray of hope in these situations,” said Mr. Howard, speaking on behalf of his grandmother, who now finds it hard to speak audibly.

“This energy is amazing because those same slaves are a part of the history of the worst race massacre in US history, called the Tulsa Race Massacre,” he continued.

‘Generations of exploitation’

Anti-racism protesters in Brooklyn, New York, demonstrate demanding justice for the killing of African American, George Floyd.

Anti-racism protesters in Brooklyn, New York, demonstrate demanding justice for the killing of African American, George Floyd.

While speaking to mark the UN’s International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade in March, UN Secretary-General António Guterres acknowledged the legacy of the transatlantic slave trade and labelled it an “evil enterprise”.

“Millions of African children, women, and men were trafficked across the Atlantic, ripped from their families and homelands – their communities torn apart, their bodies commodified, their humanity denied. The history of slavery is a history of suffering and barbarity that shows humanity at its worst,” Mr. Guterres said.

“The legacy of the transatlantic slave trade haunts us to this day. We can draw a straight line from the centuries of colonial exploitation to the social and economic inequalities of today,” he added.

Officially, the UN has taken a position that encourages Member States to create reparation frameworks for families impacted by the legacy of the transatlantic slave trade.

“We must reverse the consequences of generations of exploitation, exclusion, and discrimination, including their obvious social and economic dimensions through reparatory justice frameworks,” the UN chief said.

Viola Ford Fletcher visited the Ark of Return with her grandson Ike Howard (3rd left), with whom she co-authored the story of her life in the book, Don’t Let Them Bury My Story.
Viola Ford Fletcher visited the Ark of Return with her grandson Ike Howard (3rd left), with whom she co-authored the story of her life in the book, Don’t Let Them Bury My Story.

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