Moldova is at a crucial crossroads as polling stations opened today for a pivotal referendum. Voters across the nation are tasked with two significant decisions: determining their next president and deciding whether Moldova should embrace European Union (EU) membership.
Current polls indicate that approximately 60% of Moldovans support joining the EU; however, a turnout of at least 33% is required for the referendum to be deemed valid. The potential of a new future is palpable in many regions, yet skepticism persists.
In the capital city of Chișinău, citizens expressed mixed sentiments about EU membership. “Nothing good,” remarked one man, echoing the frustrations of those who have long lived with deteriorating infrastructure and stagnant development. “In all these years they’ve been doing nothing. The roads are completely deteriorated. I don’t see any hope for the future,” he added.
Conversely, many voters believe that EU membership could enhance living standards and wages, issues that have pushed many young Moldovans to seek better opportunities abroad. “I think these elections go hand in hand because I will, of course, choose the European path,” stated an optimistic voter, emphasizing the importance of unifying the nation’s vision for its future.
Polling stations opened at 7 a.m. local time and will close at 9 p.m., with the potential for a presidential runoff on November 3 if incumbent President Maia Sandu does not secure an outright majority. Sandu, a dedicated proponent of EU accession, faces competition from Alexandr Stoianoglo, a former prosecutor general with pro-Russian affiliations polling at around 10%.
Moldova’s minimum wage, currently set at 5,000 leu (approximately €261) per month, ranks among the lowest in Europe. A recent analysis by the independent think tank Idis Viitorul revealed that over 200,000 Moldovans have left the country in the last four years, marking a record high. Alarmingly, more than 40% of Moldovans living overseas fall within the 30 to 44 age demographic, indicating a potential demographic shift by 2030, when those born abroad could outnumber those born in Moldova.
“For about 20 years, we have been talking about Moldova in the European Union, and we are very close now. It is crucial to not miss this opportunity,” remarked President Maia Sandu, who has actively advocated for EU membership. The nation was granted EU candidate status in 2022, signaling a pivotal moment in its European aspirations.
However, the shadow of foreign influence looms large over the referendum. Moldovan authorities have highlighted attempts by Russian-backed campaigns to demobilize voters. Allegations revealed that approximately €14 million in Russian funds were funneled directly to about 130,000 Moldovans in efforts to sway votes against EU integration. Pro-Russian oligarch Ilan Shor, notorious for orchestrating Kremlin-backed operations within Moldova, has even been reported to offer financial incentives for anti-EU votes.
In response, Moldova’s Prime Minister Dorin Recean urged citizens to stay vigilant against external destabilization efforts. “It is up to you, dear citizens, to stop the attack on democracy,” he declared. “On Sunday, you make the choice: do we go back to the past, or do we march towards a future within the family of civilized countries?”
As the nation votes today, the Central Election Commission announced that ballots can be cast at 2,221 polling stations, including 1,957 across Moldova and 234 stations set up in various countries for Moldovans living abroad.
In a deeply concerning development in Mozambique’s political landscape, the European Union (EU) has condemned the recent killings of two prominent figures: Elvino Dias, a legal advisor to Presidential candidate Venâncio Mondlane, and opposition politician Paulo Guambe. The EU stated that these politically motivated murders have no place in a democracy and expressed its heartfelt condolences to the families and friends of the deceased.
The EU’s strong condemnation comes in the wake of alarming reports regarding the violent dispersal of political supporters following last week’s elections in Mozambique. The Union has called for an immediate, thorough, and transparent investigation into the killings, demanding justice for those responsible and clarity on the circumstances surrounding these outrageous crimes. The EU reiterated its hope for a timely response from the Mozambican Government, emphasizing that a quick and effective inquiry is essential to restore public confidence.
In addition to seeking accountability for the murders, the EU has urged all parties to exercise restraint during this turbulent post-electoral period. The organization underlined the importance of respecting fundamental freedoms and political rights, asserting that strong protective measures for all candidates are crucial to ensuring their safety and fostering a more stable political environment.
Meanwhile, the European Union Election Observation Mission remains actively engaged in Mozambique, closely assessing the ongoing electoral process. The EU expects the country’s Election Management Bodies to uphold integrity in their operations, ensuring that the electoral process is conducted with due diligence and transparency—reflecting the will of the Mozambican people.
As the nation grapples with the implications of these political killings, the international community watches closely, hoping for accountability, peace, and the preservation of democratic values in Mozambique.
In a revealing presentation, the Primate of the Russian True Orthodox Church His Holiness Metropolitan of Mloskovsk and All Russia Seraphim (Motovilov) delivered a scathing critique of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), highlighting deep-seated issues that have eroded its standing among believers. The speaker did not hold back, painting a bleak picture of the ROC’s current state and its impact on faith and society.
The presentation began with a strong condemnation of the 17th Patriarch of Moscow, accusing him of alienating the ROC from traditional allies and fostering internal discord. “During almost 16 years of his patriarchal rule, he managed to set the Russian Orthodox Church at odds with almost all of the formerly fraternal churches,” the speaker asserted. This divisive leadership has not only isolated the ROC on the global stage but has also led to a surge in internal scandals that have tarnished its reputation.
Compounding the leadership issues, the speaker criticized the proliferation of “useless bishops” whose personal misconduct has cast a shadow over the church’s moral standing. “The personal reputation of bishops and priests is a complete disaster. Constant scandals related to non-traditional sexual preferences, promiscuity, drunkenness and outrages, financial abuses… all this abomination causes irreparable damage to both the Russian Orthodox Church and Orthodoxy as a whole.” Such behavior undermines the church’s authority and diminishes trust among its congregants.
Furthermore, the speaker highlighted the patriarch’s failure to embody the spiritual and ethical standards expected of religious leaders. “For each of his speeches is formal, soulless, sparkless, grey and faceless. Verbal lace, hiding an oppressive emptiness.” This lack of genuine engagement has led to empty seats in temples, reflecting the growing disillusionment among the faithful. “Is this man remembered as the Great Lord and Father? Well, in the temples of that church where such questions arise, there are more and more empty seats…”
Corporate Transformation and Misaligned Priorities
One of the most pointed criticisms was the transformation of the ROC into what the speaker described as “an ordinary social institution. Or, even worse, a corporation.” This shift, they argue, has diverted the church’s mission from the salvation of souls to the well-being of its functionaries and stakeholders. “Its goal is not the salvation of one, separate soul. Its goal is the well-being of its functionaries, the creation of an ideological support for secular rulers, comfort and coziness for shareholders. And money, money, money.”
This corporatization has led to the ROC prioritizing financial gain and political alliances over spiritual guidance and ethical leadership. The church’s growing entanglement with state machinery and business interests has blurred the lines between religious mission and economic objectives, resulting in policies and practices that may not align with traditional Orthodox values. The speaker warned that such a direction risks transforming the ROC into a tool for political maneuvering rather than a beacon of faith.
Additionally, the speaker criticized the ROC’s information strategy, stating that “the real battlefield for the minds, hearts and souls of people today is not the pulpit from which we preach, but the information space.” The ROC’s efforts to distance itself from scandals while promoting its own path have not been sufficient to restore its tarnished image. “No one wants to go into details and sort it out. Although, if you have noticed, in the last few years our entire information policy of the ROCOR has been aimed at not only distancing ourselves from what is happening in the Moscow Patriarchate, but also showing our own path, which stands far beyond what is happening in the structures of the ROC.”
Erosion of Faith and Call for Authentic Spirituality
The presentation also touched upon the troubling cultural and moral decline perceived within the church’s influence. The speaker lamented the dwindling attendance at ROC churches, attributing it to both internal scandals and a broader loss of Orthodox identity among the populace. “We stopped thinking about our souls. And we stopped caring about others.” This spiritual void has not only diminished personal faith but has also eroded the community bonds that the church traditionally fostered.
Drawing a stark contrast with the Soviet era, the speaker claimed that faith was more sincere and honest during times of repression. “After all, it turns out that during the times of the totalitarian Soviet regime, faith in God was much more sincere and much more honest? And was it a conscious choice, despite all the prohibitions and consequences? How is that possible?” The speaker emphasized that genuine faith requires institutional integrity and authentic leadership, qualities they argue are currently lacking within the ROC.
In response to the ROC’s perceived failings, the True Orthodox Church outlined a series of initiatives aimed at revitalizing their own ministry and outreach. These include enhancing their online presence, engaging more actively in public discourse, and expanding their pastoral work to reach those in need, such as soldiers and the sick. “We need to remember that the duty of a priest is not only the liturgy, evening, all-night and morning. Not only prayers and services. The duty of a priest is to care for people. The duty of a priest is the salvation of the human soul.”
The speaker also called for the establishment of an independent Orthodox Academy and professional commissions to assess and improve the training of bishops and priests. “It is extremely necessary to go to the people and do what the duty of a clergyman obliges us to do. To carry the Word of God and support those who need psychological and moral help.” By taking these steps, the True Orthodox Church aims to position itself as a bastion of genuine faith and moral integrity amidst the widespread disillusionment with the ROC.
The presentation concluded with a reaffirmation of the True Orthodox Church’s commitment to authentic faith and its role as the “spiritual core of Russia.” “True Orthodoxy… has become truly global, uniting different countries and different peoples. But its foundation has always been, is and will be – the Russian people.” As the ROC continues to grapple with internal challenges and declining numbers, the True Orthodox Church positions itself as a bastion of genuine faith amidst widespread disillusionment. Whether this critique will resonate widely remains to be seen, but it undeniably marks a significant moment in the ongoing discourse surrounding Russia’s religious landscape.
In an appeal for greater global solidarity with the people of Sudan, the World Food Programme (WFP) said that around 800,000 people have fled to Ondo in neighbouring Chad after enduring “unimaginable violence”.
WFP Communications Officer Leni Kinzli told journalists in Geneva that those fleeing areas at risk of famine said that they had left “because there was nothing left to eat and all their crops had been destroyed by floods”.
Others said that “they could not even farm because it was too unsafe to go to their fields” because of fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces which erupted on 15 April last year.
“We are doing everything we can, but we cannot stop widespread starvation and hunger-related deaths without the support and attention of the international community,” said Ms. Kinzli. “World leaders need to give this humanitarian catastrophe the attention it requires that attention that needs to be translated into concerted diplomatic efforts at the highest levels to push for a humanitarian ceasefire and ultimately, an end to the conflict.”
Aid access granted
Since the Adre border crossing from Chad into Sudan reopened a month ago, WFP has transported 2,800 tons of food and nutrition supplies into the Darfur region – guaranteeing enough aid for a quarter of a million people. Of that number, 100,000 are at risk of famine, the UN agency said, warning that the war has pushed some 36 million people into hunger in Sudan and the neighbouring region.
“Trucks carrying vital food and nutrition supplies are crossing that border every single day, despite facing delays due to flooded seasonal rivers and muddy road conditions where aid convoys are getting stuck,” Ms. Kinzli said.
Although Chad is not at war, the needs are staggering there too, the WFP officer explained: “People are only met with hunger and destitution” once they cross the border from Sudan, she said. “Despite receiving food assistance, many are struggling to get by, eating once a day if they are lucky. Like a teenage girl I met…who lost her parents and is taking care of her younger siblings. Sometimes she’s only able to offer them water instead of a meal. If that is the situation for people in a comparatively safe and stable place, it is hard to imagine what people facing famine or at risk of famine in Sudan are going through.”
Brussels, October 17, 2024 – In a decisive meeting held today, the European Council underscored the European Union’s unwavering commitment to supporting Ukraine amidst ongoing Russian aggression, stabilizing the tumultuous Middle East region, and upholding the rules-based international order. Leaders from all member states convened to address pressing geopolitical challenges, economic resilience, and humanitarian crises, outlining comprehensive strategies to navigate the complex global landscape.
The Council reaffirmed the EU’s steadfast support for Ukraine, emphasizing that no initiatives concerning Ukraine will proceed without its active involvement. In a robust move, EU leaders approved a significant provision of up to €35 billion in macro-financial assistance to Ukraine, funded by Russia’s immobilized assets. This financial aid aims to support Ukraine‘s defense capabilities and rebuild critical infrastructure devastated by Russian shelling.
“Ensuring Ukraine’s energy security and integrating its energy system with the EU’s network are paramount,” stated one EU official. The Council condemned Russia’s persistent attacks on Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, including energy facilities and port infrastructure, which have far-reaching implications for global food security. In addition to financial support, the EU is facilitating the rapid delivery of air defense systems, ammunition, and missiles to bolster Ukraine’s defense and protect vital infrastructure.
Strengthening Sanctions and Accountability
EU leaders reiterated their commitment to enforcing sanctions against Russia and other aggressors. They condemned third countries that continue to support Russia’s war efforts through the provision of technological and software goods, urging these nations to cease all assistance. The Council welcomed the adoption of a new sanctions regime targeting Russian hybrid threats and indicated readiness to impose further sanctions or import tariffs on Russian and Belarusian products if necessary.
Addressing reports of executions of Ukrainian prisoners of war by Russian forces, the Council stressed the importance of adhering to international humanitarian law. “No crime should go unpunished,” a spokesperson emphasized, highlighting the EU’s dedication to ensuring accountability for violations of international law.
Addressing the Middle East Crisis
The European Council expressed deep alarm over the escalating military conflicts in the Middle East, particularly condemning the Iranian attacks on Israel and the violence in Lebanon. Leaders called for immediate ceasefires, humanitarian assistance, and strict adherence to international law. The EU committed to enhancing its humanitarian engagement and supporting mediation efforts led by Egypt, Qatar, the United States, and Jordan to de-escalate tensions and promote regional stability.
In Lebanon, the Council condemned the military escalation and emphasized the protection of civilians and infrastructure. Leaders called for an immediate ceasefire along the Lebanese-Israeli border and the full implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701, which mandates the cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
Upholding the Rules-Based International Order
Amid rising global tensions, the European Council reiterated its commitment to the rules-based international order, with the United Nations and its Charter at the core. Leaders emphasized the importance of ending impunity for violations of international law and supporting decisions of international courts. They welcomed the ‘Pact for the Future’ adopted at the 79th UN General Assembly, aimed at revitalizing the multilateral system and enhancing the UN’s effectiveness.
Enhancing EU Competitiveness and Economic Resilience
The Council underscored the EU’s dedication to strengthening its long-term competitiveness and economic resilience. Leaders called for urgent efforts to address challenges identified in recent reports by Enrico Letta and Mario Draghi, focusing on advancing work to enhance the EU’s market dynamics and competitiveness strategy. An informal European Council meeting is scheduled for November in Budapest to further discuss these initiatives.
Tackling Migration and Strengthening External Borders
Migration remained a critical topic, with EU leaders advocating for a comprehensive approach to migration management. The Council called for intensified cooperation with countries of origin and transit to address root causes, combat trafficking and smuggling, and prevent irregular departures. Leaders emphasized the importance of implementing existing EU laws and swiftly introducing new legislative proposals to streamline returns, ensuring safe and legal migration pathways.
Supporting Moldova and Georgia’s EU Aspirations
The European Council reaffirmed its support for Moldova and Georgia in their aspirations to join the EU. Leaders commended Moldova’s commitment to reforms and stability, while also urging Georgia to adopt democratic and sustainable reforms to align with EU values. The Council emphasized the EU’s readiness to support both nations on their European paths, recognizing their sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Responding to Humanitarian Crises in Sudan and Venezuela
Concerns were raised regarding the humanitarian situations in Sudan and Venezuela. The EU leaders called for an immediate cessation of hostilities in Sudan and urged the international community to uphold humanitarian pledges. In Venezuela, the Council condemned post-election human rights violations, urging the authorities to respect democratic will, end repression, and release political prisoners. The EU pledged to work with regional partners to support a peaceful and democratic transition in Venezuela.
Preparing for Upcoming UN Conferences
Looking ahead, the European Council reviewed preparations for key United Nations conferences, including the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP16) in Cali, Colombia; the UN Climate Change Conference (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan; and the UN Desertification Conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Leaders called for ambitious actions to combat climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, reaffirming the EU’s commitment to its financing goals to support these global initiatives.
Conclusion
Today’s European Council meeting highlighted the EU’s proactive stance in addressing some of the most pressing global challenges. From supporting Ukraine and enforcing sanctions against aggressors to stabilizing the Middle East and enhancing economic resilience, the Council’s comprehensive strategies reflect the EU’s dedication to peace, security, and prosperity both within and beyond its borders. As the EU navigates these complex issues, its commitment to international law and multilateral cooperation remains steadfast, positioning it as a pivotal actor in shaping the future of global politics.
In a pivotal address to European leaders, European Parliament President Roberta Metsola underscored the critical need for a comprehensive European solution to the migration crisis, while also reaffirming Europe’s unwavering support for Ukraine amidst its prolonged conflict with Russia. Speaking from the heart of European politics, Metsola’s speech painted a clear picture of the complex and interconnected challenges that Europe faces—where migration, war, and instability ripple far beyond their immediate borders, touching the very core of European unity and values.
Standing Firm with Ukraine: “Nothing About Ukraine Without Ukraine”
Metsola began by highlighting Europe’s moral and strategic commitment to Ukraine, now approaching 1,000 days under Russian aggression. Her message was resolute: Europe must stand with Ukraine until a just and lasting peace is secured. However, she rejected any notion of peace through submission, insisting that real peace must be anchored in freedom, dignity, and justice—principles that resonate deeply within the European project.
“We will, and we must, keep standing with Ukraine,” Metsola stated, emphasizing that peace cannot be built on capitulation or compromise with aggression. Her firm stance echoed the European Parliament’s ongoing support, demonstrated by an impending vote to provide Ukraine with a Macro-Financial Assistance loan of up to 35 billion euros. This substantial aid package, she said, signifies Europe‘s commitment not only politically, but also financially, to Ukraine’s sovereignty and reconstruction.
Her words reflected the broader European consensus: Ukraine’s future belongs to Ukraine, and any solution that does not include the voices of Ukrainians is no solution at all.
The Middle East: A Call for Urgent Action
Metsola also turned her attention to the escalating tensions in the Middle East, particularly in Lebanon and Israel. Europe, she argued, cannot afford to be passive as violence and instability spread across the region. Stressing the need for a sustainable, two-state solution that secures dignity for Palestinians and safety for Israelis, Metsola reaffirmed the European Parliament’s call for an immediate ceasefire and the release of hostages.
Her words rang with a sense of urgency as she highlighted Europe’s responsibility in addressing the wider consequences of regional instability. “What happens in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, or Northern Africa does not stay isolated—there are consequences for Europe,” Metsola warned. Nowhere, she suggested, is this truer than in the sphere of migration.
Migration: A European Solution or a Fragmented Failure?
The crux of Metsola’s speech, however, centered on migration—a challenge that has long tested the resilience and unity of the European Union. With the recent adoption of the EU Migration and Asylum Pact following a decade of political deadlock, Europe now has a framework to address migration in a way that balances border security with humanitarian obligations. However, Metsola cautioned that this Pact would only succeed if European countries stand united, particularly in moments of crisis.
“The real solution is a European solution,” Metsola declared, advocating for broad, holistic, and sustainable cooperation. She pointed to the hybrid threats posed by states like Russia and Belarus, which have weaponized migration as a tool to destabilize Europe. This manipulation of human suffering for geopolitical gain has heightened the need for stronger European coordination and action.
Metsola was clear: migration is not an isolated issue. The instability in Ukraine, the Middle East, and North Africa has direct consequences for Europe, particularly in terms of migration flows. In response, Europe must not allow itself to be fragmented by external actors exploiting these crises. “We must respond to those who seek to abuse the systems we built for the betterment of man,” she urged, calling for a response that is both firm and compassionate—one that aligns with Europe’s core values of human dignity and justice.
Securing Schengen: Integrity Through Unity
Metsola’s final message was a plea to safeguard the integrity of the Schengen Area, the symbol of free movement within Europe. A failure to implement the Migration and Asylum Pact effectively, she warned, could compromise this freedom—a freedom that millions of Europeans have come to cherish as one of the Union’s most tangible achievements.
As European leaders continue to grapple with the pressures of migration, Metsola’s call for a coordinated European approach was a reminder that fragmentation is not an option. Only through solidarity, cooperation, and shared responsibility can Europe ensure the stability of its borders while remaining true to its humanitarian ideals.
Conclusion: A Challenge to European Leadership
Roberta Metsola’s speech was a call to action—a reminder that Europe’s greatest challenges, whether they be migration, war, or regional instability, can only be overcome through unity. Her message to European leaders was clear: Europe’s future rests not on isolated national policies but on a collective European solution. Only by working together can Europe protect its borders, uphold its values, and ensure peace, security, and dignity for all.
As the migration crisis intensifies and conflicts continue to threaten European stability, Metsola’s words serve as both a warning and a beacon. The time for decisive, coordinated action is now.
Budapest, Hungary, October 2024 – Hungary faces a decision regarding religious freedom as it navigates the challenge of preserving its traditional connections with major religious organizations while also confronting the growing issue of discrimination against minority belief systems.
The latest discoveries by Nazila Ghanea, the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, for the United Nations, provide insight into the factors influencing Hungary’s religious environment. During her assessment following an official trip lasting from October 7 to October 17 in 2024, she noted the widespread difficulties and highlighted particular instances that showcase the hardships experienced by minority religious groups.
A Historical Backdrop Influencing Present Dynamics
Hungary’s history, particularly the restrictive Communist era (1949-1989), continues to influence contemporary state-religion relations. Despite the adoption of the Fundamental Law (Constitution) in 2011, which guarantees freedom of conscience and religion (Article VII. (1)), remnants of past restrictions persist. This historical context was frequently emphasized by interlocutors, including government officials, religious leaders, and civil society actors, underscoring the lingering impact on current religious freedoms.
While Hungary’s Fundamental Law ostensibly supports religious plurality by declaring, “individuals have the right to freely choose, change, and practice their religion,” the practical implementation through the 2011 Church Law has painted a more nuanced picture.
Initially accommodating over 350 religious groups, the Church Law imposed stringent criteria, reducing recognized organizations to just 34. Nazila Ghanea observes, “The 2011 Church Law stripped organizations of their legal status, significantly reducing the number of those officially recognized and thereby greatly limiting their legal rights.” This centralization has inadvertently marginalized numerous faith communities, limiting their access to state benefits and fostering an environment of inequality.
Tiered Recognition System: Favoritism and Exclusion
Hungary employs a four-tiered system for religious recognition: “established churches,” “registered churches,” “listed churches,” and “religious associations.” Achieving ‘established church’ status requires a complex registration process, including a two-thirds majority vote in Parliament— a mechanism criticized for politicizing religious recognition.
This system entrenches favouritism toward established churches like the Roman Catholic, Reformed, and Evangelical Lutheran Churches, which enjoy substantial state support for their educational and social initiatives. Smaller and newer religious organizations, such as Buddhists, Hindus, Scientologists and certain Jewish groups, struggle under these stringent criteria, facing financial difficulties and legal hurdles in maintaining their operations.
The “minorities”: A Spectrum of Discrimination
Various groups experience discrimination under the current legal framework:
Roma Community and LGBTIQ+ Individuals: Persistent hate speech and social intolerance act as significant barriers to the free exercise of religious beliefs. Ghanea notes, “The prevalence of hate speech in Hungarian society… remains a significant barrier to the free exercise of religion or belief for many minority groups.”
Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Hungarian Evangelical Fellowship (MET): These groups face hurdles in accessing public funds for community activities and maintaining meeting places. MET, led by Pastor Gábor Iványi, lost its “established church” status, resulting in severe financial difficulties, including the loss of funding for its schools and social services. Despite appeals to both domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights, MET has yet to regain its standing.
Other Minority Religions: Smaller religious communities such as Buddhists, Hindus, Scientologists and certain Jewish factions grapple with systemic biases that impede their social and religious freedoms, often relying on private donations and community support to sustain their operations.
The Scientology Saga: A Battle for Recognition and Rights
Among the beleaguered groups navigating Hungary’s restrictive religious landscape is the Church of Scientology. Ghanea’s report, in addition to the insights I recently shared in my article titled “Religious Freedom Under Threat: The Case of Scientology in Hungary,” mentions the persistent legal challenges and governmental scrutiny faced by the Scientologists. The Hungarian government’s approach, in additional to public attacks by specific government officials claiming to be catholic, and as Ghanea covers in her preliminary report that “the Church of Scientology has faced raids and legal challenges under Hungary’s data protection laws, and a long delay in permission to maintain its Budapest headquarters“.
In my previous article I highlighted the bureaucratic obstacles that members perceive as efforts to delegitimize their faith. This ongoing struggle underscores broader issues within Hungary’s tiered recognition system, disproportionately impacting newer and less mainstream religious organizations or even using old communistic and German tactics of labelling groups or portraying them as suspect of being foreign government agents.
Institutional Bias and Its Ramifications
The tiered system of religious recognition perpetuates favoritism and exclusion. Ghanea explains, “Only the top-tier ‘established churches’ enjoy full legal status and the benefits of state support.” This stratification hampers interfaith solidarity and fractures communities within the same religion, creating divisions based on legal status rather than spiritual tenets.
Additionally, the intertwining of state and church responsibilities has sparked debates over autonomy and mission. While state funding aids religious schools and hospitals, it risks compromising the independence of these institutions, diverting them from their core spiritual missions to administrative and professional obligations that may not align with their foundational values.
Funding Disparities: Unequal Support for Religious Institutions
State funding in Hungary favours established churches, exacerbating inequalities among religious groups. Before 2010, religious schools received limited municipal funding. Post-2010 reforms introduced a second funding stream for religious schools, effectively widening the financial gap between church-run and municipal schools.
Consequently, church-run institutions now enjoy significantly greater funding, from kindergarten to universities, and dominate child protection care with 74% being church-run. This preferential funding regime, while justified by some as a means to remedy historical injustices, calls for a transparent and objective process to prevent perpetuating discriminatory structures.
Hate Speech and Social Intolerance
Hate speech remains a pervasive issue in Hungarian society, affecting various minority groups. Despite Hungary’s declared zero-tolerance policy on antisemitism, surveys indicate its persistent presence, often manifesting as coded hate speech. Jews report feeling compelled to conceal their religious symbols due to safety concerns.
Additionally, anti-Muslim rhetoric, amplified by high-level officials, often intertwines with anti-migrant sentiments, fueling verbal assaults against women wearing headscarves and other marginalized groups. Ghanea notes, “The pattern of stigmatizing anti-Muslim rhetoric has also stemmed from high-level officials and much of it has linked strong anti-migrant rhetoric with anti-Muslim hatred.“
Calls for Reform and Inclusivity
Ghanea’s preliminary findings emphasize the necessity for comprehensive reforms to dismantle discriminatory structures within Hungary’s religious governance. She asserts, “The ongoing concerns raised by international human rights organizations highlight the need for further reforms to ensure that all religious communities in Hungary can operate without discrimination.”
Recommendations include:
Establishing a Transparent Registration Process: Moving away from politicized approval mechanisms to objective criteria for religious recognition.
Decoupling State Support from Religious Status: Ensuring that state funding is allocated based on transparent and equitable criteria, rather than favoring established churches.
Promoting Societal Tolerance: Addressing hate speech and fostering an environment where all religious and belief systems can coexist without prejudice.
The Road Ahead
Hungary’s progress towards achieving religious freedom faces various obstacles that mirror wider social issues and intricate historical events. In the midst of navigating between honouring tradition and embracing modernity in the country’s landscape, the pleas from minority groups stand out as a clear demand for fairness and acceptance. The upcoming detailed report by Ghanea slated for release in March 2025 is expected to provide analysis and practical suggestions to promote religious liberty and human rights in Hungary.
Nazila Ghanea concludes her preliminary observations by stating, “These are my preliminary findings, and I will submit my report, containing my full observations and recommendations from my visit to Hungary to the UN Human Rights Council in March 2025.” Her ongoing engagement with Hungarian authorities underscores a commitment to fostering an environment where all religious communities can thrive without discrimination.
Hungary’s pursuit of religious freedom highlights the intricate interplay between law, societal attitudes, and historical legacies. Addressing discriminatory practices and fostering an inclusive environment for all religious and belief systems is imperative for Hungary to realize the true spirit of its Fundamental Law. The path forward mandates a re-evaluation of existing legal frameworks, embracing diversity not as a threat but as a cornerstone of a truly free and pluralistic society.
“What we’re hearing is that amongst the 22 people who were killed were 12 women and two children,” said Jeremy Laurence, spokesperson for the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
“We understand it was a four-storey residential building that was struck. With these factors in mind, we have real concerns with respect to [International Humanitarian Law], so the laws of war and principles of distinction, proportion and proportionality. In this case, [OHCHR] would call for a prompt, independent and thorough investigation into this incident.”
Since the Israeli military escalated its offensive against Hezbollah fighters in Lebanon last month whose deadly rocket attacks into Israel have not stopped, the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, reported that the death toll in Lebanon is now more than 2,200 since the outbreak of the war in Gaza in October 2023.
That number “continues to climb as the situation becomes more dramatic”, said Rema Jamous Imseis, UNHCR Director for the Middle East.
Over 10,000 people have also been injured amid Israeli airstrikes and Israeli evacuation orders that have left more than 25 per cent of the country “under a direct Israeli military evacuation order”, the UNHCR official told journalists in Geneva.
Some 1.2 million people have now been displaced across Lebanon, according to the country’s government, while the UN aid coordination office, OCHA, warned that all those impacted “are enduring the worst humanitarian crisis in decades”.
“Violence is pushing an already overwhelmed health system to the brink, with devastating impacts on care. Attacks on health facilities are a violation of international humanitarian law. They must end now,” OCHA said in an online post.
“People are heeding these calls to evacuate and they’re fleeing with almost nothing,” UNHCR’s Ms. Imseis said. “Many of them are being forced out into the open, they’re sleeping under the skies as they try to find their way towards safety and support.”
Aid disruptions
Aiding those in need remains dangerous and difficult, she continued, noting that “for the last three days running, we’ve had to endorse and approve and reapprove an interagency convoy movement which is now scheduled to take place today”.
Desperate scenes have also been reported on Lebanon’s border with Syria, where more than 283,000 people have now crossed into northern Syria “seeking safety, fleeing Israeli airstrikes”, the UNHCR official said.
About 70 per cent of those people are Syrians and roughly 30 per cent are Lebanese.
“We saw two women with about nine children between them who described their journey on foot for 10 hours to reach that point.
They had seen directly the impact of the violence, an airstrike had hit a home 100 metres from their home and they fled, literally, with just the clothes on their backs.”
Gaza: Horror in hospital courtyard
In Gaza, meanwhile, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) condemned Monday’s strike on the al Aqsa hospital courtyard, where people from northern Gaza were told to relocate. At least four people were burned to death, and scores of others, including women and children, suffered severe burns.
“There are far too many children there with burns and with burn wounds” needing treatment that [the] hospital does not have the medicines and the antiseptics and the painkillers that are required,” said UNICEF spokesperson James Elder.
“On my last mission to Gaza earlier this month, I discovered such a thing as fourth degree burns; I met a little six-year-old boy, Hamid with fourth degree burns. So what we saw last night will have again been large numbers of people, including children, with horrendous burns to which that hospital simply doesn’t have the resources to treat.”
‘Catastrophic’ situation in the north
OCHA warned in an update on Tuesday that the situation in northern Gaza is “catastrophic”, as Israeli military operations intensify, severely compromising people’s access to means of survival, UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric told journalists at the regular news briefing in New York.
“Our health partners warn that only three hospitals in northern Gaza are now operating and only at minimum capacity. These facilities have a dire shortage of fuel, of blood, of trauma kits and various medications,” he said.
About 285 patients remain in these hospitals as military activities continue outside.
Mr. Dujarric also said that the Kamal Adwan hospital “remains overwhelmed”, receiving between 50 and 70 new people with injuries every day, according to the UN World Health Organization.
Humanitarian partners continue their efforts to support people in northern Gaza, delivering food assistance and distributing relief supplies, as stocks dwindle. There are serious concerns that many bakeries may be forced to shut down in about 10 days due to fuel shortages.
Polio vaccinations continue
Meanwhile in central Gaza, about 93,000 children under ten received the second dose of polio vaccines during the second round of the inoculation campaign to stave off the highly contagious and debilitating disease.
About 43 per cent of them were vaccinated by teams from the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). More than 76,000 children also received Vitamin A supplements.
“OCHA stresses that it is critical that parties respect the humanitarian pauses agreed to ensure that we can our partners can reach the children that need the vaccine,” Mr. Dujarric said.
The Congress has called on Iceland to incorporate local self-government into domestic law. It concluded that Icelandic municipalities lead globally in terms of female voting and representation and welcomed the high level of fiscal autonomy in the country’s local self-government. However, despite previous Congress recommendations, Iceland did not incorporate local democracy and self-government principles into its law to ensure a clear division of responsibilities between central and local authorities.
Latviashould strengthen financial autonomy at local level, recommended the Congress. It called for an increase of revenue potential at the local level, aligning local financial resources with local competences, simplifying supervision and clarifying the division of competences.
As for Malta, the Congress praised it for Malta praised the 2019 local government reform, the lowering of the minimum age for local elections to 16, and Malta’s ratification of the Additional Protocol to the European Charter of Local Self-Government on the right to participate in the affairs of a local authority. However, it local authorities’ competences should be increased and administrative supervision limited.
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), the EU’s financial markets regulator and supervisor, has responded to the European Commission proposal to amend the Markets in crypto-assets Regulation (MiCA) Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS). ESMA acknowledges the legal limitations raised by the Commission but emphasises the importance of the policy objectives behind the initial proposal.
In the Opinion, ESMA takes note of the amendments proposed to the two RTS specifying:
the information to be included in a notification by certain financial entities of their intention to provide crypto-asset services and
the information to be included in an application for authorisation as crypto-asset service provider.
ESMA also reiterates that the final objective of these RTS is to ensure a thorough entry point assessment for applicant crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) and financial entities intending to provide crypto-asset services in the EU. This will increase the resilience of the crypto assets market and enhance investor protection in the crypto-assets space.
ESMA therefore recommends the Commission consider amendments to the MICA regulation (Level 1), namely:
requiring applicant crypto-asset service providers and notifying entities to provide the results of an external cybersecurity audit; and
including, in the assessment of the good repute of the members of the management body of applicant crypto-asset service providers, checks regarding the absence of penalties also in areas other than commercial law, insolvency law, financial services law, anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing, fraud or professional liability.
Background
On 25 March 2024, ESMA published its first final report on the draft RTS specifying certain requirements of MiCA and submitted it to the EC for adoption. In September 2024, the Commission informed ESMA that it intended to adopt two of the proposed RTS with amendments and invited ESMA to submit new draft RTS reflecting the amendments provided.
Next steps
This opinion has been communicated by ESMA to the Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council.
The EC may adopt the two RTS with the amendments it considers relevant or reject it. The European Parliament and the Council may object to an RTS adopted by the EC within a period of three months.
