The person in charge and organiser of this conference was H.E. Pujya Swami Rameshwarananda Giri Maharaj, president of the FIIT and the PHI Foundation. His role was crucial in coordinating the participation of different religious communities present in Spain. Prominent participants included figures from Catholic Christianity such as the Carmelite Sisters of Charity of Vedruna, represented by Gracia Gil and Rosa Ortí, as well as Amparo Navarro from the Jesuit Migrant Service. As for Judaism, Isaac Sananes from the Jewish Community of Valencia was present; while Hinduism was represented by Pandit Krishna Kripa Dasa (who presented his book “Lessons from the Eternal Path: The Santana Dharma, between matter and spirit“), Swamini Dayananda Giri. Elisabeth Gayan of Brahma Kumaris also participated, and Shaykh Mansur Mota participated on behalf of Islam, joining the meeting virtually.
Photo courtesy of (c) Marcos Soria Roca and the Fundacion PHI
In addition, leaders from other traditions that have recently joined the FIIT joined the event. Francisco Javier Piquer represented Protestantism and the Baha’i Faith was present through Clarisa Nieva and José Toribio attended, while Armando Lozano represented the Unification Church and Iván Arjona-Pelado was present on behalf of the Church of Scientology, the religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard, and which Arjona represents at European and United Nations level.
These meetings not only focused on the annual General Assembly of the FIIT, but also provided a space to present innovative proposals that promote interfaith dialogue. During the days, participants enjoyed activities that included readings from sacred texts, lectures and ceremonies specific to each tradition. A featured panel discussion was entitled “The Concept of Freedom”, which explored diverse religious perspectives and was streamed online to broaden its reach.
To respect the different dietary needs of the participants, the Campus PHI restaurant offered vegetarian menus adapted to each confession. Each day began and ended with prayers representative of different traditions, creating an inclusive and respectful atmosphere.
The programme also included experiences in contact with nature. Attendees enjoyed a “forest bath” in the Prado de las Monjas reservoir, as well as a guided tour of the campus facilities where water purification systems, renewable energies and an organic garden were presented. The day included a spiritual experience at the Vedantic Centre, where the monastic community shared moments of tranquillity and reflection.
Photo courtesy of (c) Marcos Soria Roca and the Fundacion PHI .
The meeting ended with a visit to the Franciscan convent of El Palancar in Pedroso de Acim, Cáceres, where the monks offered a warm welcome and led a joint interfaith prayer, symbolising the Transcendence Forum’s mission to unite different faiths in search of peace and mutual understanding.
Overwhelmed by the excitement of your upcoming European summer adventure? Fear not, dear traveler! Before you jet off on your unforgettable journey, it is crucial to pack wisely to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip. In this guide, we will highlight the vital items you need to bring along to make the most of your European escapade. From versatile clothing options to must-have travel accessories, we’ve got you covered. So, grab your suitcase and let’s start packing for an unforgettable European summer!
A key to efficient packing for your European summer trip is to prioritize lightweight and versatile pieces that can be mixed and matched for various outfits. Pack items such as breathable blouses, comfortable shorts, convertible pants, and versatile dresses that can easily take you from a day of sightseeing to a casual dinner.
Pieces that can serve multiple purposes will help you pack lighter and smarter. Opt for clothing made from quick-drying fabrics that can be easily washed and dried overnight, allowing you to rewear them throughout your trip. Additionally, choose neutral colors that can be easily paired together for different looks.
Remember to pack a lightweight scarf or shawl that can add a touch of style to your outfit while also providing some warmth on cooler evenings. This versatile accessory can be draped over your shoulders or used as a makeshift beach cover-up, making it a valuable addition to your travel wardrobe.
Layers for Changing Weather
One of the imperative items for your European summer trip is clothing that allows you to layer up for changing weather conditions. While summer in Europe is generally warm, temperatures can vary throughout the day, especially in regions with higher altitude or near bodies of water.
Bring a lightweight waterproof jacket that can protect you from unexpected rain showers without taking up too much space in your luggage. Packing a few long-sleeve tops or cardigans that can be easily added or removed will ensure you stay comfortable as the temperature fluctuates.
Having versatile layers will also come in handy when visiting churches or other religious sites that require modest attire. You can easily throw on a lightweight cardigan or scarf to cover your shoulders before entering these locations, showing respect for local customs while staying comfortable.
Footwear Fundamentals
Comfortable Walking Shoes
If you plan on exploring the charming cobblestone streets of Europe, comfortable walking shoes are a must-have in your packing list. Opt for shoes that provide good support and cushioning to keep your feet happy as you wander through historic sites and bustling markets. Note, you might be walking long distances, so prioritize comfort over style.
Pay attention to details like arch support and breathability to ensure your shoes can handle hours of walking in various conditions. Consider breaking in your new shoes before your trip to avoid any blisters or discomfort. With the right pair of comfortable walking shoes, you’ll be ready to conquer any European city on foot.
Invest in a quality pair of walking shoes that are durable and versatile enough to match different outfits. Look for styles that are easy to slip on and off for hassle-free airport security checks and sightseeing activities. Your feet will thank you for choosing comfort over fashion when you’re strolling along the Seine or exploring the winding alleys of Rome.
Sandals and Water Shoes
To fully enjoy the sunny beaches or tranquil lakes of Europe, pack a pair of sandals or water shoes for your summer adventure. Whether you’re wading through the crystal-clear waters of the Mediterranean or strolling along sandy shores, having appropriate footwear is important. Opt for sandals that provide support and can withstand both dry and wet conditions, keeping your feet comfortable and protected.
Water shoes are also a practical choice for activities like kayaking, paddleboarding, or visiting rocky beaches. These versatile shoes offer grip and protection, allowing you to explore both land and sea with ease. Don’t forget to pack a pair of sandals for casual outings or alfresco dining experiences. Finding the right balance between style and functionality will enhance your European summer trip.
One tip to keep in mind: choose sandals and water shoes that are easy to clean and quick to dry. This will come in handy after a day of adventures when you need to freshen up your footwear for the next outing. Embrace the laid-back European lifestyle with practical and stylish footwear choices that cater to your outdoor activities and leisurely strolls.
Toiletries and Personal Care
Some Packing List For A European Summer Vacation imperatives go beyond clothing and footwear. Your toiletry bag should contain a selection of personal care items to keep you refreshed and comfortable throughout your European adventure. Here’s what you shouldn’t forget to pack in this category.
Travel-Sized Toiletries
On your European summer trip, it’s imperative to bring travel-sized toiletries to comply with airplane carry-on regulations and save space in your luggage. Stock up on mini bottles of shampoo, conditioner, body wash, and lotion to keep you feeling fresh wherever you go. Don’t forget to include a travel toothbrush, toothpaste, and a small pack of wet wipes for quick clean-ups on the go. Having these imperatives in a compact size will ensure you can freshen up easily during your travels.
Sunscreen and Insect Repellent
To protect your skin from the harsh European sun, make sure to pack a high-factor sunscreen. **European summers can be scorching, and the UV rays can be intense**, especially if you’re exploring coastal areas or spending long hours outdoors. Additionally, insect repellent is crucial, especially in more rural or wooded areas where insects like mosquitoes may be prevalent. **Protect yourself from painful bug bites and potential diseases** by applying insect repellent regularly.
On your European summer trip, be mindful of the intensity of the sun’s rays and the prevalence of insects in various regions. Bringing along **sunscreen and insect repellent** can make a significant difference in keeping your skin healthy and free from bites.
Electronics and Accessories
All your electronic devices are crucial for your European summer trip, so make sure you have the right accessories to keep them charged and working throughout your journey.
Portable Chargers and Adapters
Any savvy traveler knows the importance of bringing along a portable charger for your phone, camera, and other devices. When you’re out exploring all day, you don’t want to be caught with a dead battery. Invest in a reliable portable charger that can keep your devices powered up on-the-go. Additionally, don’t forget to pack the necessary adapters for European outlets. European countries often have different plug types, so make sure you have the right adapter to keep your devices charged.
Camera and Travel Gadgets
Camera enthusiasts will want to make sure they have all the necessary gadgets for capturing their European adventures. A lightweight tripod can be handy for taking steady shots in crowded tourist areas. Consider bringing a GoPro or waterproof camera if you plan on hitting the beach or exploring water activities. Furthermore, a portable Bluetooth speaker can enhance your evenings by providing music for impromptu picnics or sunset gatherings. Capture and preserve your memories with these crucial gadgets.
Accessories like a multi-port USB hub can be a game-changer when you’re traveling with multiple devices that need charging. This will help you avoid arguments over who gets to use the single available outlet at your accommodation. Packing a small cable organizer can also save you the frustration of untangling cords in your bag. These small yet important accessories can make a big difference in keeping your electronic devices organized and ready to use throughout your European summer trip.
Travel Documents and Money
Passport and Travel Insurance
For your European summer trip, make sure to pack your passport and travel insurance. Your passport is your most important travel document, so double-check its validity before your journey. It’s recommended to keep a digital copy stored in your email or cloud in case of loss. Travel insurance is vital for any unexpected incidents such as trip cancellations, medical emergencies, or loss of belongings. Having travel insurance will give you peace of mind throughout your travels.
Credit Cards and Cash
Concerning credit cards and cash, it’s necessary to have a mix of both for your European trip. Notify your bank about your travel dates to avoid any issues with card transactions abroad. Carrying a limited amount of cash is advisable, with the majority of your expenses handled through credit cards for security. Make sure to check the foreign transaction fees and currency exchange rates beforehand to avoid unnecessary charges.
The use of credit cards is widespread in Europe, especially in major cities and tourist areas. However, it’s always good to have some cash on hand for smaller vendors, markets, or places that might not accept cards. ATMs are readily available throughout Europe, allowing you to withdraw cash in the local currency as needed. Just remember to keep your PIN code secure and be cautious of any suspicious-looking ATMs.
Health and Wellness
Medications and First-Aid Kit
Keep your health a top priority while traveling in Europe by bringing along necessary medications and a well-stocked first-aid kit. An easy way to stay prepared is to pack a small container with your regular prescription medications or any over-the-counter remedies you might need. Don’t forget to bring copies of your prescriptions in case you need a refill during your trip. Additionally, having a basic first-aid kit with bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and anti-diarrheal medication can help you handle minor health issues on the go.
Remember to check the guidelines for bringing medications into each country you’ll be visiting, as rules may vary. It’s also a good idea to familiarize yourself with the local healthcare system and emergency numbers in case you need medical assistance. By taking these precautions, you can enjoy your European summer trip with peace of mind knowing you are prepared for any health-related situation that may arise.
Having the necessary medications and first-aid supplies can make a significant difference in addressing health concerns while traveling. By being proactive and packing these necessarys, you can focus on enjoying your trip without worrying about unexpected health issues derailing your plans.
Staying Hydrated and Healthy
FirstAid, one of the most important aspects of staying healthy while traveling is to stay hydrated. It’s easy to get caught up in exploring new places and forget to drink enough water throughout the day. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and other health issues that can put a damper on your trip. Make sure to carry a reusable water bottle with you and fill it up whenever you have the chance.
It’s also important to prioritize eating nutritious meals and snacks to keep your energy levels up. Opt for fresh fruits, vegetables, and local specialties to fuel your body and keep you feeling your best. Note, maintaining good health starts from within, so nourish your body with the right fuel to make the most of your European adventure.
Note, staying hydrated and fueling your body with nutritious food are necessary for staying healthy and enjoying your European summer trip to the fullest. By taking care of your body’s needs, you can ensure that you have the energy and vitality to explore all the amazing sights and experiences that Europe has to offer.
Sleeping and Camping Essentials
Once again, when it comes to packing for your European summer trip, sleeping comfortably is key. Whether you’re staying in hostels, camping under the stars, or crashing on a friend’s couch, having the right sleeping importants can make all the difference.
Travel Pillow and Sleeping Bag
For a good night’s sleep on the road, invest in a quality travel pillow and sleeping bag. Your travel pillow should be compact, yet supportive, to ensure you wake up rested and ready to explore each day. Look for a sleeping bag that is lightweight, waterproof, and suitable for the temperatures you’ll encounter during your trip. Having a comfortable pillow and sleeping bag can make sleeping in unfamiliar places a lot more enjoyable.
Camping Gear and Equipment
Camping can be a fun and adventurous way to experience Europe, allowing you to immerse yourself in nature and truly disconnect. Bring along a sturdy tent, a reliable camping stove, and important cooking utensils to make your camping experience a breeze. Additionally, packing a portable water filter and a first aid kit is crucial for your safety and well-being while camping in remote areas. Being prepared with the right camping gear and equipment can ensure a smooth and enjoyable outdoor experience.
Another important item to pack for your camping adventure is a headlamp or flashlight. These tools are important for navigating around your campsite at night and providing you with much-needed light in the darkness. Make sure to pack extra batteries to avoid being left in the dark during your nighttime activities. Having a reliable source of light can make your camping experience safer and more convenient.
Food and Snacks
Non-Perishable Snacks
After a long day of exploring Europe’s beautiful cities and iconic landmarks, you’re bound to work up an appetite. For those times when you need a quick pick-me-up between meals, it’s vital to have a stash of non-perishable snacks in your bag. Think trail mix, granola bars, dried fruit, or nuts. These snacks are lightweight, easy to pack, and perfect for on-the-go munching.
Having a supply of non-perishable snacks is not only convenient but can also save you money while traveling. Instead of constantly buying expensive snacks from tourist areas, you can simply reach into your bag for a satisfying treat. Plus, you never know when you’ll be stuck on a long train journey or delayed at the airport – having snacks on hand can be a real lifesaver.
So, before you head out for a day of sightseeing in Europe, make sure to pack a variety of non-perishable snacks in your day bag. They’ll keep you fueled and ready to take on whatever adventures come your way.
Water Bottle and Refillable Containers
For staying hydrated throughout your European summer trip, a water bottle is a must-have. Opt for a durable, reusable water bottle that you can easily refill throughout the day. Many European cities have public water fountains where you can fill up your bottle for free, saving you money and reducing plastic waste.
Understanding the importance of staying hydrated while traveling is crucial, especially in the summer months when temperatures can soar. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and a general feeling of unwellness, which can put a damper on your travel experience. By carrying a refillable water bottle with you, you can ensure that you always have access to clean and safe drinking water wherever you go.
Cultural and Language Essentials
Language Guides and Phrasebooks
To make the most of your European summer trip, it’s necessary to arm yourself with a language guide or phrasebook. While English is widely spoken in many European cities, learning a few key phrases in the local language can enhance your cultural experience and help you navigate more confidently. Whether it’s ordering a meal in Paris or asking for directions in Rome, having a basic understanding of the local language can go a long way.
Essentials look for a guide that includes common greetings, numbers, and everyday phrases. Apps like Duolingo or Rosetta Stone can also be valuable tools to brush up on your language skills before your trip. Keep in mind, making the effort to communicate in the local language shows respect for the culture and can lead to more meaningful interactions with locals.
Before you launch on your European adventure, take some time to familiarize yourself with the language of the countries you’ll be visiting. While fluency is not expected, being able to say a few phrases in the local language can open doors and create memorable moments during your travels.
Cultural Insights and Etiquette
The cultural insights and etiquette of a country can greatly impact your travel experience. Whether it’s knowing when to tip in a restaurant, how to greet locals, or understanding local customs, being aware of cultural nuances can help you navigate unfamiliar situations with ease.
The best way to immerse yourself in a new culture is to respect and embrace the traditions and customs of the local people. From dress codes to dining etiquette, taking the time to learn about the cultural norms of each country you visit shows that you are a respectful and considerate traveler.
Insights Remember that each country in Europe has its own unique cultural norms and traditions, so it’s important to do some research before you go. By showing sensitivity to the local culture and customs, you will not only enhance your travel experience but also leave a positive impression on the people you meet along the way.
Safety and Security
Not sure how to keep your belongings safe while traveling in Europe? Safety and security are imperative aspects to consider when commenceing on your European summer trip. One of the best ways to protect your valuables is by using money belts and secure bags. These handy accessories can help you keep your money, passport, and other important documents close to you at all times. By wearing a money belt under your clothing or carrying a secure bag that is difficult for pickpockets to access, you can minimize the risk of theft while exploring bustling European cities or crowded tourist attractions.
Money Belts and Secure Bags
Any seasoned traveler will tell you that investing in a quality money belt or secure bag is worth it for peace of mind during your trip. Opt for a discreet money belt that can be worn under your clothes, keeping your cash and cards hidden from prying eyes. Alternatively, choose a secure bag with anti-theft features such as slash-proof straps and RFID-blocking technology to protect your belongings from digital theft. These small yet effective accessories can make a big difference in maintaining your safety and security while on the go.
Personal Safety Tips and Precautions
To ensure a safe and enjoyable European summer trip, it’s imperative to follow personal safety tips and precautions. Always be aware of your surroundings and trust your instincts if you feel uncomfortable in any situation. Avoid flashing large amounts of cash or valuable items in public, as this can attract unwanted attention. It’s also wise to keep a photocopy of your passport and important documents in a separate location from the originals in case of loss or theft.
Stay alert in crowded areas and keep your belongings secure.
Avoid walking alone at night, especially in unfamiliar neighborhoods.
Use reputable transportation services and avoid accepting rides from strangers.
To enhance your overall safety while traveling in Europe, familiarize yourself with local emergency numbers and embassy contacts. By taking these personal safety precautions, you can focus on enjoying your European adventure without unnecessary worries or setbacks. After all, a little preparation goes a long way in ensuring a hassle-free and secure trip.
Plus, by staying vigilant and proactive in maintaining your personal safety and security during your European summer trip, you can fully immerse yourself in the wonders of the continent. With these simple but effective measures in place, you can explore iconic landmarks, sample local cuisine, and create unforgettable memories with peace of mind. After all, feeling safe and secure is the foundation for a truly enjoyable travel experience.
Entertainment and Leisure
Despite the excitement of exploring new destinations on your European summer trip, downtime can be equally vital for rejuvenation. To ensure you have the best entertainment options at hand, refer to The Ultimate Packing List for Europe: Summer Edition for comprehensive guidance.
Books and Travel Games
Books are excellent companions during long train rides or lazy afternoons in a park. Choose genres that suit your taste, whether it’s a captivating novel, a travel guide for your current destination, or a collection of short stories. Don’t forget to pack a travel-sized board game or a deck of cards for impromptu fun with fellow travelers or locals you meet along the way.
Portable Music and Entertainment
Music can elevate your travel experiences, whether you prefer creating playlists that match the ambiance of each city you visit or listening to your favorite tunes on the go. A portable speaker that fits in your backpack can turn any hostel room into a dance floor. Additionally, downloading podcasts or audiobooks can offer a change of pace from your sightseeing activities.
Understanding the importance of entertainment and relaxation in your travel itinerary can significantly enhance your overall experience. Bringing along a selection of books, travel games, and music devices ensures that you have options for unwinding and connecting with your surroundings during the quieter moments of your trip. These entertainment necessarys not only provide enjoyment but also foster memorable interactions with fellow travelers, making your European summer adventure even more enriching.
Miscellaneous Essentials
Travel Umbrella and Rain Gear
Now, for unpredictable European weather, it’s important to pack a travel umbrella and rain gear. Rain showers can surprise you at any moment, especially during the summer months. A compact, sturdy umbrella that fits easily in your daypack will be a lifesaver when the skies open up. Additionally, a lightweight rain jacket or poncho can keep you dry and comfortable while exploring the charming streets of Europe.
Don’t let a little rain dampen your spirits, be prepared with these must-have items for your trip. Whether you’re strolling through the cobblestone alleys of Paris or admiring the historic sites in Rome, having rain gear on hand will ensure you can enjoy your European adventure no matter the weather.
Stay dry and stylish with a compact umbrella and fashionable rain jacket – you’ll thank yourself when the rain starts to fall. Plus, these travel importants won’t take up much space in your luggage, leaving plenty of room for souvenirs and treasures from your European travels.
Earplugs and Eye Mask
Gear up for a restful night’s sleep with earplugs and an eye mask for your European journey. From bustling city streets to noisy hostel dorms, quiet moments can be hard to come by while traveling. Earplugs can block out unwanted noise, allowing you to relax and recharge after a day of sightseeing.
Unpredictable sleeping arrangements and early morning sunlight can disrupt your sleep schedule while traveling. An eye mask can help you get much-needed rest, ensuring you’re ready to tackle another day of exploring. These small yet powerful accessories can make a big difference in your overall travel experience.
Don’t let noise and light disturbances affect your sleep quality – pack earplugs and an eye mask to ensure you wake up refreshed and ready to make the most of your European adventure. With these travel importants in your bag, you can rest easy knowing you’ll be prepared for any sleeping situation during your trip.
Packing Strategies
Unlike What To Pack For A Trip To Europe, you may be wondering what the best packing strategies are for your European summer trip. Here are some tips to help you pack efficiently and maximize space in your luggage.
Rolling and Folding Techniques
To make the most of your luggage space, you can use a combination of rolling and folding techniques. **Rolling** your clothes not only saves space but also helps prevent wrinkles. **Folding** bulkier items like jackets and jeans can help save space in your luggage. By alternating between rolling and folding your clothes, you can maximize space and keep your clothes organized during your trip.
Packing Cubes and Organizers
**Folding** clothes into **packing cubes** or organizers can help keep your belongings neat and compact. These nifty storage solutions come in various sizes and are perfect for separating different types of clothing or organizing outfits for each day. **Using packing cubes** can also make it easier to find items in your luggage without having to rummage through everything.
**Techniques:** Consider using **packing cubes** to organize your clothes by type or outfit. This can help you stay organized throughout your trip and make packing and unpacking a breeze.
To wrap up
With these considerations in mind, you are now well-equipped to pack for your European summer trip. Remember to choose versatile clothing items that you can mix and match, pack light to avoid excess baggage fees, and include importants like sunscreen, a reusable water bottle, and a power adapter. By preparing thoughtfully and efficiently, you can ensure a smooth and enjoyable travel experience.
As you commence on your European adventure, keep in mind the diverse climates and activities you may encounter. Whether you’re exploring the historic streets of Rome, lounging on the beaches of Greece, or hiking in the Swiss Alps, having the right items in your luggage will enhance your experience. So, pack smart and be ready for whatever adventures come your way!
So, go ahead and start putting together your packing list with these importants in mind. Your European summer trip is sure to be unforgettable, and with the right items in your suitcase, you’ll be well-prepared for whatever the journey brings. Bon voyage!
The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission is developing a measurement system to support allergic consumers and food companies.
This measurement system will allow the production of reliable and comparable data across thousands of laboratories. It will help curb the proliferation of warnings on labels indicating that products ‘may contain’ traces of other allergenic ingredients while giving allergic consumers more safe food choices, in full confidence.
To know about what the EU is doing on Food and feed safety: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities-z/food-and-feed-safety_en
The European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides independent, evidence-based knowledge & science, supporting EU policies to positively impact society.
As a department of the European Commission, we play a key role at multiple stages of the policy cycle. We work closely with other Commission departments, EU institutions and agencies, as well as with scientific partners and policy organisations in Europe and internationally. The JRC offers scientific expertise and competences from a very wide range of scientific disciplines in support of almost all EU policy areas.
On 2 August, we commemorate the last 4,300 Sinti and Roma in the German Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau, who were murdered by the SS on that night in 1944 despite their fierce resistance. In memory of all 500,000 Sinti and Roma murdered in Nazi-occupied Europe, the European Parliament declared this date the European Holocaust Memorial Day for Sinti and Roma in 2015.
Visit our website and the virtual commemoration of 2 August 2024
►https://www.roma-sinti-holocaust-memorial-day.eu/
►Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/romasintiholocaustmemorialday/
Council of Europe Commissioner on Human Rights speaking to PACE (Photo: THIX photo)
Strasbourg, 16.07.2024 – The Council of Europe’s Access Info Group (AIG), an independent group of experts created to monitor the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Access to Official Documents by its parties, published today its first baseline evaluation reports on 11 states: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway, the Republic of Moldova, Sweden and Ukraine.
The reports contain comprehensive analyses of the laws on freedom of information in these states and their compliance with the Tromsø Convention. In light of its findings, the AIG makes specific recommendations to each country on issues such as the exclusion of documents containing personal data or other content from the application of these laws, and limitations to the right to access official documents.
Other recommendations concern excessive length of review proceedings in case of access denials and shortcomings in procedures for deciding on access requests, for example, excessive discretion provided to public authorities not to release the requested information or failure to provide assistance to applicants.
The convention, in force since 1 December 2020, is the first-ever binding international legal instrument to recognise everyone’s right to access official documents held by public authorities upon request.
It lays down minimum obligations for its parties to guarantee the right to access official documents, balancing the protection of the public interest in transparency with the protection of other legitimate interests, such as national security, defence and international relations.
The treaty also establishes obligations on the procedures for handling requests for information and the review of denial decisions by an independent body or a court in case of request denials.
The Access Info Group (AIG) is a body established by the Council of Europe Convention on Access to Official Documents (also known as the Tromsø Convention) to evaluate the treaty’s implementation by the parties in law and practice and to make recommendations to fully comply with its provisions. It is composed of ten independent experts in the field of access to official documents. A second monitoring body, the Consultation of the Parties, complements its work. So far, 15 states have ratified the treaty and another six countries have signed it with a view to its ratification.
The President of the Council of Europe’s Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Marc Cools, has made the following statement:
“On behalf of the Congress, I unreservedly welcome the liberation of municipal councillors from Tomsk, Ksenia Fadeeva and from the Moscow Krasnoselsky, District Ilya Yashin, opposition activist Vladimir Kara-Murza and other political opponents in Russia and in Belarus who had been imprisoned for opposing Russia’s war against Ukraine, and who were freed in a recent prisoners’ exchange.
“I reiterate the call made by the Congress in its Resolution 494 in October 2023 for the immediate and unconditional release of all anti-war political activists and prisoners of conscience in Russia and in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, imprisoned for expressing their opinions.
“We continue to stand in solidarity with all those critics of the war who remain unlawfully deprived of liberty or are facing persecution – such as municipal councillors Alexei Gorinov, Oleg Nepein, Anatoly Arseev and many other local and regional elected representatives, human rights defenders, journalists, youth activists and political opponents. Today, we need to continue to keep pressure on the Russian authorities for their immediate release.
“The imprisonment of politicians, journalists and ordinary citizens in the Russian Federation and Belarus for peacefully expressing their opposition to the dictatorial regimes in power or for criticising the Russian Federation’s war of aggression against Ukraine is unacceptable. Just like the Russian Federation’s taking Western nationals hostage as a bargaining chip for the release of criminals.”
August 3, 2024 marks the remembrance of the Yazidi tragedy, commemorating a chapter, in Iraq’s past. A decade ago, on this date in 2014, Da’esh (ISIS) terrorists perpetrated atrocities against the Yazidi community in Sinjar resulting in the brutal killing of 3,000 innocent civilians and the abduction of 7,000 women and children. Many of those taken captive endured experiences of slavery and were tragically used as human shields during the conflict.
A statement issued by the European Union’s High Representative praised the efforts of citizens and security forces in combating Da’esh with significant support from international partners. The EU has stood as an ally in countering terrorism and violent extremism.
The Yazidi, a community in culture and heritage, have played an integral role in Iraq’s social tapestry for generations. Despite ten years passing since these heinous acts occurred they continue to grapple with obstacles, especially concerning their return to Sinjar. Challenges such as security risks and limited access, to services impede the repatriation of displaced individuals.
The EU’s statement emphasized the pressing importance for both the Government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government to honor their commitments outlined in the Sinjar Agreement. This agreement plays a role, in enhancing the living conditions in the area and supporting the return of internally displaced individuals (IDPs).
Recognizing the challenges faced by returning Yazidis the EU praised the government’s efforts to provide reconstruction aid, such as housing, education services and job opportunities. The EU has committed assistance to assist Yazidis as they transition from IDP camps back to their communities.
Additionally, UNITAD was commended for its work in collecting evidence for prosecutions in EU Member States. Preserving this evidence is essential not for delivering justice to Yazidi victims but for global accountability efforts against Da’eshs atrocities.
On the occasion of the anniversary of the Yazidi tragedy the EU reaffirmed its dedication to supporting the Yazidi community. Acknowledged that their journey towards recovery and justice is ongoing. Survivors of hardships among Yazidis are still awaiting recognition and accountability they rightfully deserve. The urgency for inclusive, secure and dignified solutions for displaced individuals is more critical, than ever.
Animal protection NGO, Cruelty Free Europe, urges Ursula von der Leyen’s incoming European Commission to accelerate plans to phase out animal testing after the release of statistics for 2021 and 2022 showed that progress in reducing the number of animals used in science in the European Union has stalled.
Cruelty Free Europe are, however, pleased to see a significant decrease in the use of animals in regulatory testing (tests which prove the safety and efficacy of consumer products), which is likely to be due to an increase in the adoption of approved non-animal testing methods. This has led to a 21% decrease in the use of animals in regulatory testing since 2020.
European Commission statistics[1] show that there were 9.34 million tests on animals in the EU and Norway in 2022. This is an 8% decrease from 2021 to 2022, but the number of tests has also risen by 7% since 2020.
At 2.13 million, France carried out the most tests using animals in the EU in 2022 – a rise of 29% since 2020. Germany conducted 1.73 million tests and Norway 1.41 million (95% of which involved fish). Spain conducted 1.12 million tests on animals, an increase of 53% on their 2020 total.
These top four countries accounted for 68% of the total number of tests involving animals in the EU in 2022.
There was a small decrease in tests which were reported to have caused ‘severe suffering’, from 2020 to 2022, but a significant increase of 19% in tests which caused moderate suffering (the second highest level of pain), to over 3.71 million. Overall, the number of tests causing moderate or severe suffering to the animals involved totalled 49%.
From 2020 to 2022, there were increases in the uses of:
Dogs – up 2% to 14,395
Monkeys – up 5% to 7,658
Horses, donkeys and cross-breeds– up 5% to 5,098
Rabbits – up 8% to 378,133
Goats – up 69% to 2,680
Pigs – up 18% to 89,687
Reptiles – up by 74% to 5,937
Cephalopods (e.g., squid and octopus) – up by 65% to 2,694
There were also decreases in the uses of:
Cats – down 15% to 3,383
Ferrets – down 27% to 941
Guinea pigs – down 23% to 86,192
Sheep – down 12% to 17,542
There was a decrease in some of the tests included on the RAT (Replace Animal Tests) List[2], created by Cruelty Free Europe founder, Cruelty Free International – a list of regulatory tests that have accepted and reliable non-animal replacements and could be ended immediately. For example, the number of skin and eye irritation, skin sensitisation and pyrogenicity tests fell in 2022 but still amounted to over 55,000. Shockingly, there was an 18% increase (to 49,309 procedures) in the use of the cruel and archaic ascites method of producing antibodies, a test which causes the most severe level of suffering.
The European Commission, in response to Cruelty Free Europe’s 2020 European Citizens’ Initiative, ‘Save Cruelty Free Cosmetics – Commit to a Europe Without Animal Testing’[4], promised last year to develop a roadmap to phase-out animal testing for chemical safety assessments [3]. Last month, in partnership with a group of animal protection NGOs, Cruelty Free Europe led a meeting with key stakeholders from across the European Union as a critical step towards creating a roadmap to end animal testing in Europe.
Cruelty Free Europe’s Head of Public Affairs, Dylan Underhill, said: “These new statistics show how important it is for the European Commission to continue and accelerate its work to end animal testing in Europe. As we enter a new cycle of politics in the European Union it is absolutely vital that we build on the work that has already been done, and double our efforts to speed up progress. We urge the Commission President to press upon her incoming Commissioners the importance of the mission to phase out animal testing, and will be calling on all of them to make this issue a shared priority.
“The 1.2 million people who signed our European Citizens’ Initiative illustrated the strength of feeling that there is on this issue, and we stand ready to help the European Commission take the bold steps forward that we need to reflect public opinion. Without this, we will be condemned to a never-ending cycle of stagnation and small reductions, when what we need is transformative change.”
Green Loan – In a move to support the wind energy sector, the European Investment Bank (EIB) and Haizea Wind Group have officially agreed on a €35 million green loan aimed at advancing manufacturing technologies and digital processes in the renewable energy field. This partnership comes at a juncture as Europe aims to strengthen its presence in the sustainable energy market.
This funding will empower Haizea, a company renowned for manufacturing components for wind energy systems, to enhance its capabilities in producing vital structures like wind towers, monopile foundations and transition pieces for offshore wind projects. This collaboration not aligns with Haizea’s objectives but also plays a role in enhancing the European supply chain for renewable energy parts ensuring competitiveness, within the offshore wind sector.
Gilles Badot, the Director of Operations, for Spain and Portugal at EIB emphasized the significance of this initiative. He mentioned, “The loans we are finalizing with Haizea today showcase EIB’s dedication to innovation and advancing energy technologies. This move helps us progress in our energy transition journey. Enhances the competitiveness of businesses.” This commitment is in line with EIB’s objectives of enhancing energy security within the European Union, especially considering the REPowerEU strategy aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuel imports.
Sustainability and environmental responsibility
Apart from supporting Haizea’s progress, the eco-friendly loan forms part of EIB’s financial effort to promote sustainability and environmental responsibility. In 2023 EIB Group allocated over €21 billion for bolstering energy security in Europe with €4.5 billion designated specifically for projects in Spain. These investments play a role in expediting the transition to energy sources and fortifying economic stability within the region.
Alvaro Quintana, Finance Director at Haizea Wind Group expressed their objective to assist clients in transitioning towards a economy. He highlighted EIB’s confidence in Haizea enabling them to innovate and supply components, for wind power as part of the green transition.
A new study published in the journal Psychological Medicine estimates that teenagers who use cannabis are 11 times more likely to develop a psychotic disorder than their non-marijuana-smoking peers.
The paper is entitled “Age-Dependent Association of Cannabis Use with Risk of Psychotic Disorder”.
This finding suggests that the link between cannabis and psychotic disorders may be stronger than indicated in previous studies that relied heavily on older data, when it was less effective than it is today. For context, the average THC strength of cannabis in Canada has increased from approximately 1% in 1980 to 20% in 2018.
Researchers from the University of Toronto, the Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and ICES linked recent data from a population-based survey of over 11,000 adolescents in Ontario, Canada to data on health service use, including hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and in an outpatient clinic.
“We found a very strong association between cannabis use and the risk of psychotic disorder in adolescence. But surprisingly, we found no evidence of a relationship in young adulthood,” says lead author Andre McDonald.
Of the teens who were hospitalized or visited the emergency room for a psychotic disorder, approximately 5 in 6 reported prior cannabis use. MacDonald’s observations indicate that “a large proportion of teenagers who use cannabis will not develop a psychotic disorder, but according to these data, most adolescents who are diagnosed with a psychotic disorder have a history of cannabis use.”
The researchers say they cannot completely rule out reverse causation, as adolescents with psychotic symptoms may have self-medicated with cannabis before receiving a clinical diagnosis.
They also cannot account for potentially important factors, such as genetics and trauma history. These limitations make it impossible to say definitively that teenage cannabis use causes psychotic disorders. The authors also note that their estimates are only approximate, suggesting that further studies are needed.
