In a news release issued by his Office, Volker Türk, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, denounced “constant shrinkage” in Cambodia’s democratic space in recent years, which he said is undermining citizen’s fundamental freedoms and their right to participate in the public square.
In the lead up to the elections, Cambodia’s National Election Committee disqualified two leading opposition political parties and, immediately prior to polling day, authorities ordered internet service providers to block social media accounts of three media organizations which they deemed critical of the Government, OHCHR said.
“Opposition political parties, activists, members of the media and others have faced numerous restrictions and reprisals that appear intended to curb political campaigning and to hinder the exercise of fundamental freedoms essential for free and fully participatory elections,” said Mr. Türk.
The UN rights chief also expressed concerns that the restrictions and other intimidatory measures, including some physical attacks, created a “chilling effect”, depriving people of credible news and information sources needed to make informed choices.
According to media reports, Cambodia’s longtime ruling party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Hun Sen, won an overwhelming number of seats in what was practically an uncontested election.
Multiple news outlets also reported on Wednesday that Hun Sen had announced he will resign and hand over power to his son, who is also the country’s army chief, in early August.
‘Address shortcomings’
Mr. Türk called on the Government to address the shortcomings and hold dialogue with all political parties and civil society actors to create an enabling and inclusive civic space for all Cambodians.
“A vibrant strong and inclusive democracy that nurtures and respects a plurality of voices and opinions is fundamental to ensuring the respect and protection of human rights and is key to peaceful social and economic development,” he said.
He also urged Cambodian authorities to boost participation of marginalized groups, including women, indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, and youth, to foster a more inclusive and representative democracy.
Volker Türk said he had been “following developments closely” in Israel, where parliamentarians supporting the hard-line nationalist Government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu passed a bill on Monday which in effect strips the Supreme Court of its power to block Government decisions.
Opposition parties boycotted the vote which came after seven months of protests which have exposed a deep rift in Israeli society broadly along the religious-secular divide. Demonstrators said they would continue their action, claiming the country’s whole democratic future is at stake.
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said that “people from across society have been demonstrating peacefully, building alliances for the defence of democracy and fundamental freedoms.”
He described the protests as an effort to “preserve the democratic space and constitutional balance so painstakingly built in Israel over many decades. It demonstrates the extent of public disquiet at the extent of fundamental legislative changes.”
With just the first stage in the proposed legislative changes now on the statute books, Mr. Türk noted that petitions have already been filed before the Supreme Court itself, which supporters hope will quash the legislative effort.
‘Space to decide’
He said it was “essential that the Court is afforded full space to decide the questions before it, according to due process of law, and free from political pressure or interference from any other quarter.”
He said the “movement” against the parliamentary bid to curb court powers, was based on “people who have put their trust in the enduring value of an independent judiciary to effectively hold the other branches of Government to fundamental legal standards and – ultimately – protect the rights of all people.”
“The Pylos tragedy and the other devastating tragedies in the Mediterranean underscore the primacy of saving lives and protecting the rights of people forced to flee. This was my message to the authorities,” she said.
She emphasized the criticality of safeguarding access to territory and asylum, ensuring a predictable and well-coordinated search-and-rescue system, and the need for responsibility-sharing and solidarity measures among States.
Ms. Triggs also raised concern about reports of summary forced returns, stressing the urgency of effective investigations and measures for prevention and remediation.
Noting that Greece and other countries at the external borders of the European Union (EU) face significant pressures in responding to irregular movements, she reiterated “the need to move towards a border and asylum management system that works for all States, while ensuring that those who seek asylum can access it and refugees are protected.”
Safe pathways for refugees
Beyond the EU, she advocated for addressing the root causes and drivers of displacement through a routes-based approach and providing robust assistance to countries of origin and transit.
Ms. Triggs cited the establishment of the National Emergency Response Mechanism for Unaccompanied Minors as a best practice for the protection of children, and the relocation of unaccompanied children from Greece to various countries across Europe, as an example of responsibility-sharing in action.
She also highlighted the need for safe pathways and schemes for refugees and migrants to offer alternatives to the perilous journeys they often undertake.
Integration efforts in Greece
During her time in Greece, Triggs also visited a refugee centre and heard directly from asylum-seekers hosted there.
While efforts have been made to improve conditions, the centre remains a highly securitized environment, leading to difficulties for asylum-seekers and refugees, particularly in accessing crucial services like healthcare and psychological support.
Ms. Triggs also met with civil society organizations, discussing the essential services they provide and the difficulties they have.
She conveyed UNHCR‘s “praise for the dedication and hard work of NGOs in Greece” and renewed the agency’s commitment to support civil society in its activities for the protection of refugees.
While appreciating Greece’s efforts to enhance refugee integration in line with its National Integration Strategy, which enable 68,000 refugees to contribute to the communities hosting them, Triggs urged that these initiatives continue.
Such efforts include providing access to employment, addressing skills gaps, and streamlining documentation and procedural requirements for refugees.
Art movements have marked significant shifts in the way artists have approached aesthetics, subject matter, and techniques throughout history. Each movement has been influenced by its predecessors and has paved the way for new artistic possibilities. Amongst the vast array of art movements, Impressionism and Pop Art stand out as two key movements that shaped the course of art in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this article, we will explore these two movements and their impact on the art world.
I. Impressionism: Capturing the fleeting essence of life
Impressionism emerged in the late 19th century in France as a reaction against the rigidity of traditional academic painting. Led by artists such as Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas, Impressionism focused on capturing the fleeting essence of a moment rather than precise detail. The movement sought to depict the effects of light and color, often using loose brushwork and a vibrant palette.
Impressionists broke away from the constraints of the studio and ventured outdoors to depict contemporary subjects. They embraced fleeting moments, often painting landscapes, cityscapes, and scenes from everyday life. The emphasis on capturing the immediate experience gave their works a sense of spontaneity and freshness that had not been seen before in the art world.
However, Impressionism faced much resistance from the conventional art establishment, which criticized the loose brushwork and lack of academic precision. Despite this initial backlash, Impressionism soon gained recognition and had a profound impact on the art world. Its emphasis on light, color, and spontaneity paved the way for modern art, influencing movements such as Post-Impressionism and Fauvism.
II. Pop Art: Embracing popular culture and consumerism
In the mid-20th century, Pop Art emerged as a response to the consumerist and mass media-driven society of the post-World War II era. Led by artists like Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Claes Oldenburg, Pop Art celebrated the popular culture and mass-produced objects of everyday life.
Pop artists embraced imagery from advertising, comic books, and mundane objects. They often used bold colors, strong graphic elements, and techniques borrowed from commercial printing processes. Through their art, they aimed to blur the boundaries between high and low culture, challenging the traditional notions of what was considered valuable or worthy of artistic representation.
One of the most influential figures of Pop Art, Andy Warhol, famously created works featuring iconic figures such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, and Campbell’s soup cans. Through his signature silk-screening technique, Warhol replicated these images many times, reflecting the mass-produced nature of consumer culture.
Pop Art gained widespread popularity and challenged the elitist nature of the art world by celebrating the mundane and the everyday. It marked a departure from the introspection of abstract expressionism and brought art into the realm of popular culture. The movement’s influence can still be felt today, with contemporary artists often incorporating aspects of popular culture in their works.
In conclusion, both Impressionism and Pop Art have had a significant impact on the art world, pushing boundaries, and challenging conventions. Impressionism revolutionized the way artists approached light, color, and capturing fleeting moments, while Pop Art brought popular culture into the realm of high art. These two movements demonstrate the ever-evolving nature of art and its ability to reflect and respond to the society and culture it exists within.
When British geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor embarked on his daring journey across East Antarctica in 1911, his expedition encountered a terrifying sight: the edge of a glacier with a stream of blood flowing from it. After a century of speculation, the cause of Blood Falls has been established.
US scientists used powerful transmission electron microscopes to analyze samples of Blood Falls water and found an abundance of iron-rich nanospheres that turn red when oxidized.
“As soon as I looked at the microscope images, I noticed that there were these little nanospheres, and they were rich in iron, and besides iron, there were many different elements in them – silicon, calcium, aluminum, sodium – and they were all different,” he said in a statement Ken Leavy, a research scientist in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Whiting School at Johns Hopkins University.
Known for its deep red color, iron oxide has until now been a prime suspect in the Blood Falls mystery. However, this advanced imaging technique has helped researchers gain a clearer picture of why the seeping waters are such a bright red hue — and why some previous studies have failed.
“For it to be a mineral, the atoms have to be arranged in a very specific, crystalline structure. These nanospheres are not crystalline, so the methods previously used to study solids do not detect them,” explains Livy.
One might assume that its blood-red waters are the most unusual feature of Antarctica’s Blood Falls, but this geological feature is full of oddities.
Scientists have determined that the red water that seeps from Blood Falls originates from a salt lake that has remained locked in ice for 1.5 to 4 million years. In fact, this lake is only part of a much larger underground system of hypersaline lakes and aquifers.
Analysis of the water shows that a rare subglacial ecosystem of bacteria lives in the buried reservoirs of hypersaline water – despite the almost complete absence of oxygen. This means that the bacteria persisted for millions of years without photosynthesis and were probably sustained by cycling iron from the brine.
Given these otherworldly properties, scientists believe that Blood Falls can be studied to gain a deeper understanding of other planets in other parts of the solar system.
“With the advent of the rover missions, there was interest in trying to analyze the solids coming out of the waters of Blood Falls as if it were a Martian landing pad,” says Leavy.
“What would happen if a rover landed in Antarctica? Would it be able to determine what caused Blood Falls to turn red? This is a fascinating question that several researchers have pondered.”
Metropolitan Cyril of Rhodes has instructed all parishes on the island to provide shelter for those fleeing the forest fires that have been raging on the island for more than a week.
His Eminence is in constant communication with the priests, having ordered that air-conditioned rooms be provided for those affected by the fires. Greece undertook the most extensive evacuation actions against the background of the ongoing tragedy. The Greek fire service said 19,000 people, mainly tourists, had been moved to temporary shelters on or off the island.
Metropolitan Kirill has already visited several monasteries and churches, and had the opportunity to speak with the monks who stayed behind when the fires spread to the areas around their monasteries to help the firefighters and volunteers as much as they could.
Despite the best efforts of Abbess Mariam and the sisters, at least one monastery – Panagia Ipseni in Lardos – suffered serious damage. The nuns and a team of firefighters were forced to take refuge in an underground shelter in the monastery.
Messages of prayerful support poured in from across the Orthodox world, including Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople, Archbishop Makarios of Australia and the Association of Greek Priests.
“Our hearts are broken as we watch the pictures of devastation from the ongoing fires in our beloved homeland and especially on the suffering island of Rhodes,” Australia’s archbishop said.
“Our pain is softened by the fact that no human lives were taken, despite the ongoing tragedy,” added the cleric.
Source: theparadise.ng
Photo by Ivan Dražić: https://www.pexels.com/photo/medieval-clock-tower-in-rhodes-greece-14445916/
Mr. Kara-Murza, 41, an outspoken critic of the Kremlin and the war in Ukraine, was arbitrarily arrested in Moscow on 11 April 2022.
He was sentenced to 25 years in prison a year later on charges of “high treason”, “disseminating false information about the army of the Russian Federation” and participation in an “undesirable organisation”.
Punished for speaking out
“I am concerned that Vladimir Kara-Murza’s only crime was speaking truth to power, for which he is being punished with 25 years in prison,” said Mariana Katzarova, UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation.
She noted that his medical condition, reportedly the result of two poisoning attempts in 2015 and 2017, is included in the list of illnesses that exempt people from imprisonment under Russian law.
The rights expert said Mr. Kara-Murza’s arrest “is part of an increasingly repressive crackdown on freedom of expression and political opposition in the Russian Federation since the start of its full-scale war against Ukraine last February.”
Medical diagnosis confirmed
She expressed concern that the activist’s life is at risk due to his continued detention “on charges that appear to be solely related to the legitimate exercise of his human rights”, coupled with his deteriorating health and lack of access to timely and adequate medical care.
Furthermore, she said it was particularly disturbing that he remains in detention when two medical experts consulted by the Russia’s prison service independently confirmed his diagnosis of lower distal polyneuropathy, a serious nerve disorder.
She recalled that Mr. Kara-Murza was a key advocate in promoting the adoption of the Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, a legislative measure passed by the United States of America in 2012 and subsequently adopted by several other countries.
The Act enables targeted sanctions against individuals who are believed to be responsible for human rights abuses, corruption, or other serious offences.
Case up for review
Ms. Katzarova said the presiding judge that convicted Mr. Kara-Murza, and two other individuals involved in his detention, were previously sanctioned under the Act, which has raised serious concerns about the integrity of the judicial process.
“States must take all necessary measures to protect the lives of individuals deprived of their liberty,” she said.
“Kara-Murza should be immediately released from detention in line with international human rights obligations, as well as the Russian Federation’s own legislation and regulations on persons exempt from imprisonment or other forms of custodial detention due to their medical condition.”
The First Appeal Court in Moscow is set to review the 25-year sentenced imposed on Mr. Karza-Murza on 31 July.
The rights expert called for a transparent and impartial review of his case, in accordance with international human rights standards, adding that “his immediate and unconditional release from detention must be considered without delay.”
About UN rapporteurs
Special Rapporteurs like Ms. Katzarova are appointed by the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva to monitor and report on specific country situations or thematic issues.
They serve in their individual capacity and are independent of any Government or Organization.
They are not UN staff and do not receive payment for their work.
In a thought-provoking article published by Daniel Harper for Euronews, the alarming surge in global plastic production is brought to light. With over half of all plastics ever made originating from 2000 onwards, the article emphasizes the urgent need to address the escalating plastic waste crisis.
Developing countries, particularly from the Global South, face significant challenges in processing plastic waste.
The article explores the key insights shared by Dr. Tobias Nielsen, a renowned researcher on climate and sustainability politics, and highlights the role of the European Union (EU) in aiding waste management efforts. Additionally, it sheds light on the United Nations’ pursuit of a global treaty to combat plastic pollution and eliminate waste on a worldwide scale.
Growing Plastic Production and Environmental Impact:
Over 50% of plastics ever produced have been manufactured since 2000, indicating a concerning trend.
Global plastic production is projected to exceed 1 billion tonnes by 2050, exacerbating the environmental impact.
Challenges Faced by Developing Countries:
Developing nations struggle to manage plastic waste due to their responsibility in handling waste from wealthier nations.
Dr. Tobias Nielsen emphasizes that both national governments and companies operating in developing countries must take responsibility for developing effective plastic waste management systems.
The Role of the European Union:
The EU plays a crucial role in supporting waste management efforts in developing countries.
Preventing the transfer of EU plastic waste to developing nations is vital, and the EU can provide assistance in developing waste management systems.
United Nations’ Global Treaty on Plastic Pollution:
The United Nations is actively seeking agreement on a global treaty to combat plastic pollution.
This collaborative effort aims to raise awareness, promote international cooperation, and mitigate the devastating environmental impact caused by plastic waste.
Conclusion:
The Euronews article highlights the urgent need for action to address the global plastic waste crisis. Developing countries face unique challenges in managing plastic waste, necessitating effective waste management systems and international collaboration.
With the support of the European Union and the pursuit of a global treaty by the United Nations, there is hope for mitigating the environmental impact and finding sustainable sol
Australia and New Zealand may be geographically a long way away from the northern hemisphere’s global powers; however, in a time when technology shrinks the world, the links between these English-speaking nations and their larger markets are getting smaller all the time. Unlike physical exports, tech ideas do not need to be loaded onto container ships or planes and transported around the globe. Tech needs excellent digital infrastructure but can move at the speed of light (literally, in the case of optical fibre technology).
Abstract contour map of Australia and New Zealand. Image by OpenClipart-Vectors from Pixabay, free license
In 2020, the tech sector contributed AUS$ 167 billion to the country’s economy. The largest growth area was internally, with the business sector adopting and upgrading new technology in their organizations. Tech start-ups, and established, large technology businesses are also significant. According to recent data from Statistica, it is estimated the sector will contribute AUS$250 billion by 2030.
Both New Zealand and Australia have better-than-average connectivity. In Australia, the average mobile internet download speed was 16.1 Mbps outperforming fixed data download speeds of 11.1 Mbps. However, fixed broadband trumped it for uploads. New Zealand’s average mobile rates nudge ahead of Australia’s at 14.7 Mbps, and the country is ranked 7th in Asia Pacific Region.
Internet speeds are important when developing products and services for home and international markets. They are also vital for consumers who increasingly shop online and stream digital content from the cloud to their mobile and fixed devices. Stable and robust internet connections are essential for anyone accessing cloud-based gaming platforms, particularly online gambling sites.
Online casinos have become increasingly popular in countries around the world, and ever-increasing numbers of New Zealand and Australian customers get to enjoy the pokies and all kinds of virtual table games. Faster download and upload speeds also allow customers to play at live dealer games where players interact in real-time with other players and a human dealer. At first glance, it seems like magic, but it is down to incredibly clever tech and Optical Character Recognition technology translating images into data.
While the player feels as though they are at gaming tables alongside others in the heart of a Wellington or Sydney casino, the chances are the action is being beamed up and down from a studio in Europe. And it is not only images and card moves that are transported instantaneously by superfast data connections. Casino payments move around at high speed too. E-wallets are one of the fast ways to make deposits and start playing online games, and Skrill is accepted at NZ online casinos.
While many of the casino games are imported from companies with more established online markets than New Zealand, the country exports plenty of tech solutions, and the United States is a key market. A shared language makes New Zealand and Australia easy partners for American technology importers. A recent statement by New Zealand’s Export Growth Minister, Damien O’Connor, showed the increasing role of high technology in the country’s prosperity.
O’Connor said, “New Zealand is a trading nation, and supporting our country’s hard-working exporters remains a priority for this Government. It’s crucial we show the diversification of high-quality exports that New Zealand has to offer – and in doing so, accelerate our economic recovery from COVID-19.”
In a report commissioned by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade called “The NZ-US trade relationship: Stability and Diversity in a Time of Change,” data revealed digital services are a major contributor to the balance of trade. The Minister confirmed that the USA is New Zealand’s third most significant trading partner and the largest destination for digital service exports accounting for 22% of the total service exports.
Digital service exports to the USA are valued at NZ$682 million and include computer service and software license exports. In addition, US trade investment has been key to developing the country’s space industry. The New Zealand government has spent a sizable sum on advertising its digital services to the world to attract top talent and foreign capital investment.
In 2021 New Zealand’s top 200 tech exporters saw growth of 23%, and revenues from these exports were $13.9 billion. A combination of excellence in tech and marketing could be thanked for these results. A marketing campaign called “We See Tomorrow First” was an industry and government collaboration with two key ambitions. The first was to support the fast-growing digital technology sector and to market innovations to the rest of the world; the second was to bring tech talent to New Zealand.
Their Chief Strategy Officer, Julie Gill, is reported as saying,
“New Zealand has a unique perspective on how we create technology and lead tech businesses. It’s perspective, building on Māori values of kaitiakitanga or guardianship, that now more than ever, the world needs to help create technology to build a better tomorrow.”
Undoubtedly, much of the country’s technology sector’s success is due to the partnership between industry and government.
Meanwhile, the technology sector is also booming in Australia, and the largest sector there is life sciences and health. Multinational biotech company CSL are key players in this sector. However, New Zealand is also championing tech in health and has made significant breakthroughs with Artificial Intelligence. This included using this technology to fight conditions such as glaucoma.
Sudan is an opportunity for the Brotherhood to expand its influence. The sanctions imposed on Sudan do not provide solutions to rein in the Brotherhood (Al-Kizan), whose movements took military dimensions by recruiting its members to defend the army, taking advantage of the turbulent security situation to expand its influence, and why not turn Sudan into an incubator for the group, which suffered political and widespread losses in the rest of the Arab countries.
KHARTOUM – The European Union’s threat to impose sanctions on the main parties in Sudan to stop the war was a sign of the possibility of abandoning its cold stance on the crisis. It remained a spectator, except for a few perceptions that it presented from time to time, which do not suggest that it is severe in its moves, which confirms its keenness to end it, close to a war that may extend its sparks to him.
The European cry for setting a framework for sanctions next September implies excellent concern about continuing the conflict between the army and the Rapid Support Forces. Still, it is devoid of moves to practically participate in reaching a steadfast armistice and seeking a cease-fire. The European Union should have put forward an initiative or adopted a complete vision for a solution.
Everyone contented themselves with resounding slogans and watching perceptions from here and there as if the repercussions of the war would stop at the end of the escalation of the file of illegal immigration and the deterioration of the humanitarian situation and would not extend to a direct threat to European interests if extremists managed to seize the reins in Sudan or drag it into the bitter quagmire of civil war.
Al-Kizan’s movements took on military dimensions after including many extremist elements in the war to defend the army. Western countries cannot pursue terrorist organizations that do not hide their expansionist projects in the region.
Chaos arouses the appetite of the Islamic forces in Sudan. Recent information confirms the participation of extremist organizations in the war under the guise of the dissolved National Congress Party and the Islamic Movement in Sudan, which means that the matter has become a threat to neighboring countries and parties that have interests in this country or close to it, not to mention On the expansion of the belt of militants, as their presence in West and East Africa puts Sudan between the two hands of pincers that will not be easy to contain later. The scope of humanitarian, economic, and security crises expands.
This result will prompt the European Union to move because it will lead to more losses for the central Western countries, especially France, whose interests are beginning to be exposed to great dangers in Mali and Niger and the entire West African coast. If Sudan is added to it, a large area will turn into significant centers to shelter Extremists and terrorist hotbeds that attract elements known to target the West in general.
The United States has put its feet in the crisis through joint mediation with Saudi Arabia. The Jeddah negotiations are almost frozen and need help to achieve a breakthrough. Many African countries have tried, individually and collectively, to present political approaches that have yet to be successful. At the same time, the European Union focuses on the symptoms of the crisis without Going into its essential details. However, its repercussions on him will not be limited to increased asylum and displacement.
European countries chose the traditional human dimension in the crisis, which is meaningful. They tried to give it dramatic features by frequently talking about killings, bombs, looting, and rape and shedding light on some tragedies that bring sympathy.
Stopping the war requires careful reading to examine its fundamental causes and what it might lead to in the future. In both cases, all fingers point to the presence of the remnants of the regime of former President Omar al-Bashir infiltrating the Sudanese military establishment and their desire to employ him to return to power and to defeat every attempt to establish a democratic transition and a state on It is headed by a civilian government, which is the supposed goal that the European Union seeks, and adopts in its political discourse through Western envoys and ambassadors who went to Sudan before the war and stressed the importance of the military establishment leaving the field of politics.
Suppose the European Union will know the negative aspects of the Sudanese scene later. In that case, any promises of economic sanctions or political appeals will become meaningless because the crisis has structural joints that must be dealt with with a comprehensive vision. The initiatives, with an appreciation for their importance and the countries sponsoring them, have yet to decipher the Sudanese crisis.
It will not help the European Union to distance itself from engaging in a hot and open crisis under the pretext that it is a war that burns everyone who approaches it, reduces it to the humanitarian aspect, and yields to the visions of Western organizations, as the political and security elements are essential.
European steps must reflect some of the politics and security in the moves taken by the Union or its countries. What has been said about their willingness to impose sanctions appears to be jumping on the essence of the crisis or a discharge of responsibility before the Western people because everyone knows that the effect of the sanctions weapon on people is tiny. Sudan has a tremendous and accumulated experience with US sanctions that enabled it to live with it for nearly three decades.
The European Union’s distancing from engaging directly with the crisis and adopting practical steps is in the interest of the Kizan (the Sudanese Brotherhood)
Perhaps the information provided by the rapid support delegation to European circles recently revealed many ambiguous points about the reality of the war and its repercussions, with the participation of a member of the European Parliament of Hungarian origin, Márton GYÖNGYÖSI, who is a member of the Parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee, Anna VAN DENSKY, the journalist, and James WILSON, editor of the political report. In the European Union, Bjorn HULTIN is an expert in international relations and a former member of the European Parliament of Swedish origin.
The discussion about Sudan and Europe’s role in the crisis was significant, as it was the first official action to be recorded in the agenda with the records of Parliament. It found great resonance with many Western circles because imposing sanctions on the parties involved in Sudan without participating in negotiations or putting forward initiatives would make the voice of Europe ineffective and perhaps absent. It must take its place in the discussion about Sudan.
Sudanese circles say that the countries of the European Union refrain from engaging directly with the crisis and adopt practical steps in favor of the Kizan (the Sudanese Brotherhood), which brings to mind previous doubts about their sponsorship by some Western countries.
Suppose these doubts still apply to the current situation. In that case, European countries may find themselves facing a dangerous belt of crises because Kizan today has an overwhelming desire not to defeat the army and to confront the Rapid Support Forces, given that its commander, Lieutenant General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo “Hamidti” is their number one enemy. In Sudan today, the oppressive military hand is blocking the way for them to return to power again.
In addition, the Kizan movements took on military dimensions after including many extremist elements in the war to defend the army. Western countries cannot pursue terrorist organizations that do not hide their expansionist projects in the region and their targeting of Western interests. The fear that Sudan will turn into a solid incubator for these, at that time hints, will not work. Or the European Union’s threats to deal with the tangled reality in Sudan.
