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Beyond the Visual: The Intersection of Art and Sound

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Beyond the Visual: The Intersection of Art and Sound

Art has long been celebrated as a visual medium, capturing the imagination and stimulating the senses through brushstrokes, colors, and compositions. However, the power of art extends beyond what meets the eye. Sound, with its ability to evoke emotions and engage our auditory senses, has found an intriguing intersection with visual art. This fusion of art and sound has given rise to a new dimension of artistic expression that transcends the boundaries of traditional visuals. In this article, we will explore the profound merging of these two forms of artistic communication.

Subheading 1: Painting with Sound: The Auditory Canvas

Visual art often breathes life into the static canvas through the dynamic use of color, line, and shape. Similarly, sound can be used as a tool to paint a vivid and immersive auditory canvas. Artists now explore the creation of soundscapes, where the composition becomes an intricate expression of emotions, atmospheres, and stories. Just as an artist might use brushstrokes to layer and blend colors, musicians and sound artists utilize various tones, textures, and rhythms to build complex auditory narratives.

The concept of painting with sound has been employed by composers and musicians to enhance the immersive experience of visual arts exhibitions and installations. By orchestrating soundscapes that resonate with the underlying themes or visual elements of an artwork, they create an entirely new dimension for the audience to explore. Through the harmonious coexistence of art and sound, viewers engage with a multi-sensory experience that amplifies the impact and emotional resonance of the artwork.

Subheading 2: Synesthesia: When Art and Sound Collide

Beyond sound complementing visual art, a phenomenon known as synesthesia takes the fusion between art and sound to another level. Synesthesia refers to a neurological condition in which one sensory experience involuntarily triggers another. This means that an individual with synesthesia might see colors and shapes when they hear specific sounds or musical notes.

For artists and musicians who experience synesthesia, the relationship between sound and visual art becomes deeply intertwined. They can tap into this multisensory experience in their artistic creations, creating visual art that directly translates into sound, or vice versa. This unique ability allows synesthetic artists to present the world in a way that combines the auditory and visual dimensions. They provide audiences with an extraordinary glimpse into their sensorial experiences and invite them to perceive art in an entirely novel way.

This cross-pollination between art and sound opens up a world of possibilities for both artists and audiences. It encourages exploration, collaboration, and a deeper understanding of how different sensory stimuli can intertwine to create a rich and authentic artistic experience. By pushing the boundaries of traditional art forms, the intersection of art and sound challenges us to see, feel, and hear the world in new and captivating ways.

Capturing Life’s Essence: The Storytelling Nature of Portraiture

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woman in white brassiere leaning on black metal railings during daytime
Photo by Matthew Moloney on Unsplash

Portraiture has been an essential part of art for centuries. From the intricate details in classical oil paintings to today’s avant-garde photographic portraits, each work tells a unique story about the subject. Portraits not only capture the physical likeness of individuals but also encapsulate their emotions, personality, and experiences. They serve as a powerful medium for expressing the essence of life. This article explores the storytelling nature of portraiture and its ability to convey the depth and complexity of human existence.

1. The Emotional Narrative: Portraits as windows into the human soul

One of the most remarkable aspects of portraiture is its ability to convey emotions and capture the essence of the subjects’ inner world. A skilled portrait artist can use various techniques to reveal the emotions and thoughts of the individual being portrayed. The subject’s eyes, for example, can directly engage the viewer, evoking empathy and inviting them to connect with the depicted person on a deeper level.

The posture, gestures, and facial expressions portrayed in a portrait also contribute to the emotional narrative. A slight smile can communicate joy, while a furrowed brow might hint at worry or contemplation. By capturing these subtle nuances, the artist can create a powerful narrative that reflects the subject’s emotional state, experiences, and even their journey through life. A portrait, in this sense, becomes a door that allows us to explore the complexities of human existence.

2. Contextualizing Identity: Portraits as portraits of society

Every portrait is not only a representation of an individual but also an encapsulation of the time and society in which they exist. Portraits serve as historical documents, often reflecting the cultural, social, and political influences that shape the subject’s identity. By examining a portrait, we can gain insights into the fashion, values, and cultural norms prevalent during that period.

For example, portraits from the Renaissance period not only reveal the physical appearance of the subjects but also offer glimpses into the political and social power structures of the time. Similarly, contemporary portraiture can reflect the diversity and inclusivity movements of today’s world, capturing individuals from different ethnicities, genders, and backgrounds.

In this way, portraiture becomes a means of contextualizing identity within the larger fabric of society. It invites us to explore both the individual and the collective, providing a broader understanding of the human experience throughout different eras.

Conclusion

Portraiture’s storytelling nature goes beyond capturing a simple likeness or physical appearance. Through a combination of artistic skill and psychological insight, portraiture encapsulates the essence of life, conveying emotions, experiences, and societal influences. Whether through expressive brushstrokes or skillful photography, portraits offer unique narratives that engage and connect with viewers, showcasing the multifaceted nature of human existence. By exploring these narratives, we deepen our understanding of ourselves, society, and the relentless beauty of the human spirit.

Finding Harmony in Chaos: The Art of Collage

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Finding Harmony in Chaos: The Art of Collage

In today’s fast-paced world, chaos seems to be a constant companion. We are bombarded with information, images, and ideas from all directions, leaving us feeling overwhelmed and disconnected. However, amidst the chaos, there is beauty to be found – and one artistic medium that captures this essence is collage. The art of collage offers a unique way to create harmony by assembling various elements and bringing them together in a cohesive and visually appealing way. Let’s explore the world of collage and discover how it enables us to find harmony in chaos.

1. The Magic of Assembling Disparate Elements

Collage is the technique of creating a new whole by assembling different elements, such as photographs, papers, fabrics, and other objects. It allows artists to break away from traditional constraints and explore new possibilities by combining disparate elements that may seem unrelated at first glance.

In the chaos of everyday life, collage offers a way to bring order and unity. Artists carefully select and arrange these diverse elements, finding connections and meanings that might not have been apparent individually. The act of piecing together these fragments gives rise to a new creation that harmonizes with the chaos from which it was constructed. The resulting collage becomes a visual representation of the artist’s unique perspective on the world, bringing harmony to what initially seemed chaotic.

2. Storytelling through Layers and Texture

One of the intriguing aspects of collage is its ability to tell stories through the layers and textures created by the assembled elements. The juxtaposition of different materials and images adds depth and complexity, inviting viewers to explore multiple layers of meaning and interpretation.

In this way, collage allows artists to navigate the chaos of their experiences and emotions by using symbols and visual metaphors. It offers a platform to convey personal narratives, social commentaries, or abstract concepts that may otherwise be challenging to express. The different elements within a collage work together to create a harmonious whole, illustrating that even in chaos, there is coherence and meaning.

Furthermore, the physical texture within a collage adds another dimension to the artwork. By combining different materials like torn paper, textured fabrics, or found objects, artists create tactile compositions that engage the viewer’s senses. The tactile experience further enhances the connection between chaos and harmony, as one can physically feel the textures intermingling, reinforcing the idea that harmony can be found in even the most chaotic of circumstances.

In conclusion, collage is an art form that allows us to find harmony in the chaos that surrounds us. By assembling disparate elements and creating order from the disorder, collage artists showcase the beauty that can emerge from chaos. Through storytelling and the incorporation of texture, collage brings a sense of unity and wholeness to what might initially seem fragmented and chaotic. So, the next time you find yourself overwhelmed by the chaos of the world, perhaps it is a good time to embrace the art of collage and discover the harmony awaiting within it.

Reviving Ancient Techniques: The Renaissance of Traditional Art

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Reviving Ancient Techniques: The Renaissance of Traditional Art

Throughout history, art has served as a medium of expression, capturing the essence of different cultures and times. From ancient cave paintings to modern abstract expressions, art has evolved, assimilating new techniques and materials. However, amidst the countless innovations, there has been a recent resurgence in reviving ancient techniques, bringing back traditional art forms and breathing new life into them. This renaissance of traditional art has not only created a bridge between history and the present but also reinstated the importance of artistic heritage. In this article, we will delve into this fascinating revival, exploring two subheadings: the resurgence of handcrafting and the rediscovery of natural pigments.

Resurgence of Handcrafting

In a world dominated by mass production and digitalization, the art of handcrafting has often been overshadowed. However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable shift, with artists and enthusiasts reviving traditional handcrafting techniques. Whether it be woodworking, ceramics, fiber art, or calligraphy, there is a growing appreciation for the meticulous skill and attention to detail involved in these crafts.

Woodworking, for instance, has seen a resurgence of techniques such as marquetry and inlay work, where skilled artisans create intricate patterns and designs using different types of wood. This evolving trend has not only pushed the boundaries of creativity but also allowed people to reconnect with the tactile and sensory experience of working with their hands.

Similarly, the art of ceramics has witnessed a renaissance, with potters moving away from the mass-produced, uniform pieces towards the uniqueness of handmade pottery. From wheel-throwing to hand-building, artists are exploring ancient techniques like raku firing and pit firing, which produce unpredictable and awe-inspiring results. The revival of these traditional methods has provided a platform for artists to express their creativity and individuality through their craft.

Rediscovery of Natural Pigments

Another fascinating aspect of the renaissance of traditional art is the rediscovery and utilization of natural pigments. These pigments, sourced from minerals, stones, plants, and even insects, were widely used by ancient civilizations to create vibrant colors that have stood the test of time. Today, artists and conservators are once again turning to these natural sources, not only for their historical significance but also for their unmatched quality.

Traditionally, plants such as indigo, madder root, and weld were used to create exquisite dyes, while minerals like ochre, malachite, and azurite provided a rich array of earth tones and blues. The resurgence of interest in natural pigments has prompted artists to explore recipes and techniques from centuries ago, ensuring the preservation of ancient knowledge. Additionally, the use of natural pigments provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, aligning with the growing consciousness towards eco-friendly practices.

Furthermore, the rediscovery of natural pigments has a profound impact on the end result of artwork. These pigments possess an inherent beauty, texture, and depth that synthetic colors often fail to replicate. By embracing these traditional materials, artists are able to create visually stunning pieces that connect the past with the present, adding layers of historical and cultural significance.

Conclusion

The renaissance of traditional art techniques signifies a powerful shift in the art world, one that acknowledges the importance of preserving heritage and embracing the wisdom of our artistic ancestors. The resurgence of handcrafting and the rediscovery of natural pigments not only provide a platform for artists to explore their creativity but also serve as a reminder of the timeless beauty and unparalleled craftsmanship of traditional art forms. As this revival continues to gain momentum, it is evident that ancient techniques will remain an integral part of the ever-evolving artistic landscape.

Exploring the Cosmic Beauty: A Journey into Abstract Art

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Exploring the Cosmic Beauty: A Journey into Abstract Art

Abstract art has long fascinated art lovers and enthusiasts with its captivating beauty and ability to evoke a wide range of emotions. It is a unique form of artistic expression that breaks away from the confines of realism and embraces the mysterious and intangible aspects of the universe. Exploring abstract art is like embarking on a cosmic journey, where the boundaries of the physical world blur, and imagination takes flight. Let us delve into this extraordinary realm and discover the cosmic beauty that lies within:

1. The Universe Unleashed: Abstract Art as an Expression of Infinity

When we look up at the vast expanse of the night sky, we cannot help but feel a sense of awe and wonder. It is this very feeling that abstract art seeks to capture and convey. Just as the universe is boundless and infinite, abstract art pushes the boundaries of visual representation by exploring shapes, colors, and forms that transcend our perceived reality.

In many abstract artworks, we witness a sense of explosion and expansion, as if the artist is releasing the power of the cosmos onto the canvas. Bold and vibrant strokes, swirling patterns, and a kaleidoscope of colors come together to create a symphony of cosmic proportions. This explosion of creative energy serves as a reminder of our own infinitesimal place in the universe and invites us to contemplate the mysteries that lie beyond our understanding.

2. Inner Landscapes: Abstract Art as a Reflection of the Human Psyche

While abstract art often explores the grandeur of the cosmos, it can also delve deep into the recesses of our minds and souls. Abstract artists have the ability to create visual landscapes that represent the complexity and depth of human emotions and experiences.

Sometimes, these inner landscapes appear serene and harmonious, with gentle brushstrokes and subtle color combinations. They invite us to reflect upon moments of tranquility and find solace in the chaos of the world around us. On the other hand, abstract pieces can also be full of turmoil and unrest, with bold and aggressive gestures that mirror our inner struggles and conflicts.

Abstract art allows us to see beyond the surface and into the depths of our own psyche, giving us a glimpse into the universal human experience. By evoking emotions that cannot be expressed through words, it connects artists and viewers on a profound level, transcending cultural, linguistic, and geographical barriers.

In conclusion, abstract art offers us a fascinating journey into the cosmic beauty that surrounds and resides within us. It challenges our perceptions, expands our imagination, and encourages us to explore the vastness of the universe and our own inner landscapes. Whether through explosive bursts of color or serene compositions, abstract artworks invite us to contemplate the mysteries of existence and tap into the boundless creativity of the human spirit. So, let us embark on this journey into abstract art and allow ourselves to be captivated by the cosmic beauty that awaits us.

Revolutionizing Music Education: Innovative Approaches and Benefits

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Revolutionizing Music Education: Innovative Approaches and Benefits

Introduction:
Music education has long been recognized as crucial for the development of children and adults alike. From enhancing cognitive abilities to improving communication skills, learning music offers numerous benefits. However, traditional approaches to music education sometimes fail to fully engage students or adapt to their individual needs and interests. This has led to the revolutionization of music education through innovative approaches that cater to the ever-changing demands and preferences of learners. In this article, we will delve into two subheadings that highlight some of the innovative approaches in music education and the benefits they offer.

1. Technology and Music Education:
With the rapid advancement of technology, music education has been given a significant boost in terms of accessibility and interactive learning experiences. Here are a few innovative uses of technology in music education:

a) Online Platforms and Applications: The internet has opened up endless possibilities for learning and practicing music. Online platforms and applications provide learners with an array of resources, from virtual practice rooms and instrument tutorials to collaborative platforms for composition and performance. These tools also allow learners to connect with instructors, other musicians, and music enthusiasts from all around the world, fostering a global and inclusive musical community.

b) Digital Music Production: Digital audio workstations (DAWs) have revolutionized the production and recording of music. These software programs enable students to explore different musical genres and experiment with various sounds, loops, and effects. They can compose, arrange, and mix their own tracks, developing crucial skills in music production and sound engineering. Digital music production also offers a more affordable alternative to traditional recording studios, making music creation accessible to a wider audience.

Benefits:
– Increased accessibility: Technology has made music education available to individuals who may not have otherwise had access to formal instruction or resources. With online platforms and software, learning music becomes possible regardless of geographical location, socioeconomic status, or physical capabilities.
– Personalized learning: Technology allows for personalized learning experiences tailored to each student’s level, pace, and interests. Interactive tutorials, adaptive learning platforms, and real-time feedback mechanisms further enhance the individualized approach, enabling students to progress at their own pace while receiving personalized guidance.

2. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Music Education:
Recognizing the interconnectedness of various art forms, innovative music educators are incorporating multidisciplinary approaches into their teaching methods. By integrating music with other artistic disciplines, such as visual arts, dance, theater, and literature, music education becomes more dynamic and engaging. Here are a few examples:

a) Music and Visual Arts: Combining music with visual arts allows students to explore the relationship between sound and visuals, fostering their creativity and expression. Activities like creating album covers, designing stage sets, or crafting visual representations of musical pieces encourage students to think beyond just sound, broadening their understanding and appreciation of music.

b) Music and Movement: Integrating music with dance or movement develops students’ rhythm, physical coordination, and kinesthetic understanding of musical concepts. Activities like creating choreography to musical pieces or improvising movement to different rhythms help students embody the music and express it through movement.

Benefits:
– Enhanced creativity: Multidisciplinary approaches stimulate creativity and provide students with a variety of tools and mediums for artistic expression. By venturing beyond the boundaries of traditional music education, students are encouraged to explore their creativity through different lenses, leading to innovative ideas and unique interpretations.
– Holistic development: Multidisciplinary approaches foster a holistic approach to learning, nurturing not only musical skills but also cognitive, emotional, and physical development. Integrating music with other disciplines engages different parts of the brain, promoting critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and emotional intelligence.

Conclusion:
Innovative approaches in music education are revolutionizing the way individuals learn and engage with music. Through the integration of technology and the application of multidisciplinary approaches, music education becomes more accessible, personalized, and engaging. As these innovative methods continue to evolve, they offer endless possibilities for learners of all ages and backgrounds, ensuring that music education remains relevant and beneficial in today’s rapidly changing world.

Protecting older persons’ rights benefit everyone: UN chief

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Protecting older persons’ rights benefit everyone: UN chief

In a message commemorating Sunday’s International Day of Older Persons, the UN chief underscored the pervasive issue of ageism in society and the vulnerability of older persons in the face of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, poverty and climate emergencies.

“Addressing these and other issues is a human rights imperative that will benefit everyone,” he said.

Today’s youth, tomorrow’s older persons

The theme of this year’s International Day is “Fulfilling the Promises of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for Older Persons: Across Generations.”

Studies show that number of people aged 65 years or older worldwide is projected to more than double – rising from 761 million in 2021 to 1.6 billion in 2050 – with the number of people aged 80 years or older growing even faster.

This further underscores the urgency of strengthening the protection of the human rights of current and future generations of older persons around the world.

Much to contribute

Mr. Guterres highlighted that older persons can make significant contributions in terms of their knowledge and experience, and have the potential to contribute to peace, sustainable development and the protection of the environment.

“We must ensure their active engagement, full participation, and essential contributions – including through social and workplace policies built around their specific needs,” he said.

He also emphasized the need for intergenerational dialogue and unity as vital components of building more inclusive and age-friendly societies and a resilient world for everyone.

By 2050, there will be twice as many older persons aged 65 than in 2021.

Uphold human rights

Echoing Secretary-General’s call, Claudia Mahler, Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, urged nations to uphold the human rights of older persons as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

“I call on Member States, the United Nations, National Human Rights Institutions, civil society and all relevant stakeholders to make the Universal Declaration a reality for all older persons,” she said.

While the UDHR encompasses the human rights of older persons, Ms. Mahler expressed concern that older individuals often remain invisible in international human rights law due to a lack of recognition of ageism and explicit prohibition of age-based discrimination.

“I encourage Member States to uphold and promote the universality and indivisibility of human rights in pledging for a future of human rights for all older persons, keeping in mind that the youth of today are the older persons of tomorrow.”

Independent experts

Independent Experts are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. They are mandated to monitor and report on specific thematic issues, such as human rights of older persons, or country situations.

They serve in their individual capacity. They are not UN staff and do not receive a salary.

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How Costa Rica drafted Latin America’s first ever anti-hate strategy

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How Costa Rica drafted Latin America’s first ever anti-hate strategy

“Costa Rican society does not teach us that there are indigenous people in this country,” she said. “It is a form of discrimination, making the existence of indigenous peoples invisible.”

Faustina Torres belongs to the Bribri indigenous community in Costa Rica.

Amid an alarming trend of spiraling hate speech and discrimination online platforms, Costa Rica, with UN support, has been designing Latin America’s first ever strategy to fight back, Poised to unveil the powerful tool by the end of 2023, the landmark strategy aims at laying the foundation for new national policies,

 “We must not let expressions of hate, violence, and discrimination become normalized in public and digital spaces,” Costa Rica’s Communication Minister Jorge Rodríguez explained when announcing the strategy’s unveiling. “Today, we recognize that decisive action is required from the State, but also from all social actors to address this great challenge.”

Targeted people are ‘scared’

Attempts to unravel the social fabric may be virtual, but the threats are real. An artificial intelligence (AI) driven UN study earlier this year detected more than 1.4 million messages and conversations related to hate and discrimination on Costa Rica’s social media platforms, a 255 per cent spike since 2021.

Allegra Baiocchi, the UN Resident Coordinator the country, said her team realized that most hate content targeted women, particularly those in leadership positions, LGBTQ issues, and migrants.

“When we started speaking to women and some of the people who had been targeted, they told us that they felt scared, scared to express their opinions,” she said.

After the UN urged immediate action, Costa Rica stepped up, laying the groundwork for a safe digital space for all, which can act as a replicable blueprint for fighting hate online around the world.

Multi-pronged approach

Aligned with the UN Secretary-General’s priorities to stamp out hate and led by a multidisciplinary expert team from the UN and the Government, the new strategy will provide solutions to stop these scourges from spreading online, from determining responsibilities, creating new monitoring, and identifying areas of action.

“With the launch of this process of creating a national strategy, we are taking a step in the right direction,” Ms. Baiocchi said.

UN Costa Rica/Danilo Mora

The UN Resident Coordinator in Costa Rica, Allegra Baiocchi (right), visits a young mother who lives in an underserved neighborhood of San José, Costa Rica.

 

Steps already taken include the recent launch of a guide to confront digital violence against women in politics. In the same vein, the Government established an observatory on hate speech with the University of Costa Rica, passed a law protecting women in politics, and forged a partnership with the Lawyers Committee Association, who studied laws on hate speech evolving around the world and produced a handbook for those affected.

“In Costa Rica, if you’ve been a victim of hate speech, you can go to this handbook and see what is already available for you to protect yourself,” said Ms. Baiocchi, highlighting other such ongoing initiatives as teaching debate in schools.

“Fundamentally, the message behind any work on hate speech and discrimination…is about being able to respect each other and coexist,” she said.

That approach is in line with UN Secretary-General António Guterres’ aim of crushing hate speech online and off. In response to trends of growing xenophobia, racism and intolerance, violent misogyny, antisemitism, and anti-Muslim hatred around the world, the Secretary-General launched the UN Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech in 2019.

“If left unchecked,” he said, “hate speech can even harm peace and development, as it lays the ground for conflicts and tensions, wide scale human rights violations.”

Find out more about how the UN is helping Costa Ricans here.

Subscribe to our podcast series, UNiting Against Hate, here.

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First Person: From Afghan refugee to Ukraine aid worker

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First Person: From Afghan refugee to Ukraine aid worker

A refugee from Afghanistan who moved to Ukraine two decades ago has been talking about his motivation for supporting the relief effort for people affected by the ongoing war there.

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Ethiopia: Mass killings continue, risk of further ‘large-scale’ atrocities

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Ethiopia: Mass killings continue, risk of further ‘large-scale’ atrocities

The latest report from the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia documents atrocities perpetrated “by all parties to the conflict” since 3 November 2020 – the start date of the armed conflict in Tigray –  including mass killings, rape, starvation, destruction of schools and medical facilities, forced displacement and arbitrary detention.

Commission Chair Mohamed Chande Othman said that violent confrontations were now “at a near-national scale” and highlighted “alarming” reports of violations against civilians in the Amhara region as well as on-going atrocities.

 “The situation in Oromia, Amhara and other parts of the country – including ongoing patterns of violations, entrenched impunity, and increasing securitization of the State – bear hallmarked risks of further atrocities and crimes,” he warned.

Amhara: ‘mass arbitrary detention’

In the Amhara region, where the Government announced a state of emergency last month, the Commission said that it was receiving reports of “mass arbitrary detention” of civilians and “at least one drone strike” carried out by the State.

Multiple urban centres in the region are under curfew, and a militarized “Command Post” system without civilian oversight has been deployed. The Commissioners said “such structures are often accompanied by serious violations”. 

“We are deeply alarmed by the deteriorating security situation in Amhara and the continued presence of risk factors for atrocity crimes,” they said.

Humanitarian needs in the region have surged. In early August WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that the people of Amhara “could not bear another conflict”, emphasizing that almost two million required health assistance – a situation made even more complex by the influx of refugees from war-torn Sudan.

Tigray: intergenerational trauma

Turning to Tigray, Commissioner Radhika Coomaraswamy warned that rape and sexual violence against women and girls by Eritrean forces was “ongoing” in the region.

“The ongoing presence of Eritrean troops in Ethiopia is a clear sign not only of an entrenched policy of impunity, but also continued support for and tolerance of such violations by the Federal Government,” she said.

The Commissioner highlighted the trauma brought on by atrocities in Tigray, which is “likely to persist for generations”.

‘Flawed’ justice process

The Commissioners called for a “credible” process of truth, justice, reconciliation and healing, while pointing out the shortcomings of the consultation process initiated by Ethiopia’s Government.

Their report maintained that Ethiopia’s Government has “failed to effectively prevent or investigate violations” and has instead launched a “flawed” transitional justice process where victims “remain overlooked”.

The Commission

The International Commission was established by the UN Human Rights Council in December 2021 to conduct an impartial investigation into violations committed in Ethiopia since the start of the conflict in Tigray in November 2020.

It is composed of three human rights experts appointed by the President of the Council, who are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. 

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