Petar Gramatikov

Representatives of Orthodox groups initially perceived it as a new concept that could lead to doctrinal compromises and that is alien to the Orthodox theological approach, because the truth cannot be divided and distinguished "to varying degrees of validity." In the Holy Scripture, on which the unity of the Church is based, no distinction is made between major and minor truths, essential and insignificant teachings. Jesus Christ is "the way, the truth, and the life." The understanding of the truth is a result of the grace of St. The Spirit of truth (John 16:13), who guides us to the fullness of this truth and testifies of Jesus as Lord (1 Cor. 12: 3). The Orthodox Advisory Group of the World Council of Churches clarified that this critical position does not mean that there is no distinction or distinction in Orthodox theological discussions and formulations. Orthodox theologians believe that the concept of "hierarchy of truths" could help to recognize and recognize constant and common teachings of the faith, such as the seven Ecumenical Councils and others. expositions of the Christian faith. The assertion of a "hierarchy of truths" is based on the belief that there is indeed a difference in the "closeness" of each individual truth to the foundation of faith, and the center and foundation is the person of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, to whom faith and life are oriented. .

Among the Dead Sea manuscripts were found two documents from cave пе 4, one of which was written in ancient Hebrew and the other in Aramaic, and the dating of these manuscripts probably dates back to the end of the first century BC. These documents contain fragments of "horoscopes" or more precisely - of astrological physiognomies about the relationship between the characteristics of the individual and fate, according to the configuration of the stars at the birth of the individual. The Hebrew text published by J. Allegro is written with a childish cryptography (cipher). The text goes from left to right, instead of the normal for biblical Hebrew - from right to left, and also uses along with the standard square font ("ketav meruba") and letters from the archaic (paleo-) Hebrew (or Phoenician), as well as letters from the Greek alphabet.

It is difficult to determine the exact number of practicing (regular church) Orthodox Christians, it is only certain that the majority of self-identified as such do not know what God's commandments are or what the Orthodox Catechism teaches, because they are from the so-called "Christmas Christians" ( celebrating Christmas and Easter in a family circle) or, as similar Christians around the world are also called - "four-wheeled Christians", i.e. those who attend church for the first time in a pram to be baptized, their next entry into the temple is in a wedding limousine, when they enter into a church marriage, and finally they all leave for the last time for the temple, riding in the mourning hearse.

Paul of Samosata is Bishop of Antioch, where he holds the public office of Procurator ducenarius, and has the unreserved support and patronage of Queen Zenobia of Palmyra. In 267, Zenobia's husband Odenat and his eldest son died, and nominally the rule over the Palmyrians and the titles of great "King of Kings" and corrector totius orientis passed to his younger son Vabalat, but he actually ruled his widow. The educated ruler of Palmyra is tolerant, against any persecution, protector of Christians, unlike the Roman Empire, which is a systematic persecutor of Christianity.

For the Church in the East and in the West, Origen is considered the most famous theologian of his time. He is generally perceived as an Orthodox theologian, although his Christology is not at all Orthodox. He is the most productive writer on Christological topics and has contributed immensely to the history of theology, developing the thesis of the eternal birth of the Son, but it is here that in relation to the divinity of the Son he interprets the "only begotten Son" in the sense that it is an instruction. only for the eternal sonship of Jesus Christ by God. For, if He is born in time, then the Son will not be different from the other creatures, from which it follows that He should not be called "the only begotten".

Kulturkampf is a term in the history of Prussia and Germany, denoting a period of political and ideological clashes in the most general sense between German Protestantism and German Catholicism, and in a narrower sense between the rising German statehood represented by Otto von Bismarck and the perceived from it as hindering the national rise (in terms of secular education, civil marriages, etc.), subordinate to the Pope Catholic clergy. It all began in Berlin in 1870 with the annexation by Prussia of the other German states, which gave rise to the second (and later the third) German Reich. In 1872, the influential Jesuit order was banned. A number of other laws and administrative measures limit the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany. After a period of more or less intense struggle, in 1887 the new Pope Leo XIII declared the conflict over, which he said "harmed the church and did not benefit the state."

The Library of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, built by the Holy King and Prophet Solomon 3,000 years ago. There, in the temple library, the sacred books (of the Old Testament) were kept in order not to add anything to the sacred text. This, according to the Talmud, guaranteed the purity of the scriptures. There were three sacred scrolls in the Jerusalem temple (Hebrew for Sefer, Megillat Sefer): Sefer Mahon (named after a settlement near Tiberias, an important literary center), Sefer Zatute (miniature, minuscule scroll), Sefer Hee ( according to the name of its owner, who was a noted writer).

Prof. Asen Chilingirov presents a very plausible hypothesis for a possible change in the New Testament geography sacra - to the citizens of which ancient city was the Epistle to the Philippians addressed to the Apostle Paul. Born in 1932 in Sofia. Graduated in history, music and art history in Bulgaria. Since 1964 he has lived and worked in Berlin, Germany. He also studied art history at Humboldt University. He is the author of over 400 scientific papers. Among them are "Great History of Christian Art in Bulgaria" and "Cultural History of Bulgaria", published in German in FRGermany and the GDR. He teaches at the Universities of Berlin and Leipzig. He was a chief consultant for Balkan art in the Encyclopedia of Medieval Art in Rome from 1984 to 1995.

The core of the theme is chronologically situated in the Roman-Byzantine period, when with the construction of the new capital, the center of gravity of the Empire moved from West to East. Some forms of Christianity do not accept the Nicene doctrine. The antagonism between Orthodoxy and Arianism was to the detriment of the Empire, so during the reign of Emperor Constantius II, a staunch and zealous Arian, the struggle against Nicaean Orthodoxy was waged mercilessly.

We can assume that there was a first meeting of the Eastern bishops invited by the imperial vicar of Philippopolis - held on the city's Acropolis (as suggested by Leslie Barnard in his study of the Council of Serdica in 343) or at the stadium where it met The "Thracian National Assembly" of the autonomous ancient city, probably before they left for Serdica, where the ecumenical council convened in 343 was to be held. With the constitution of a separate eastern council in Philippopolis, there is every reason to locate, as the venue of the council sessions of 344, an early Christian basilica in Palestinian-Roman style (at the address of the metropolitan house of today's Roman Catholic bishop of the city Plovdiv, Blvd. "Kn. Maria Luiza" №3). The early Christian church is astonishing in its size (including the atrium and the courtyard): its total length is 86.30 m (the length of the nave with the apse is 56.50 m) and its width is 38.50 m; it is the largest building of its kind from the IV-VI century in the Balkans - for comparison, the Basilica of Constantine in Rome is 100 m long by 76 m wide, and the basilica in Pompeii - 67 m by 25 m.